非侵入性军事认知神经训练研究与展望  

Progress and prospect of non-invasive military cognitive neural training

作　　者：冯正直[1] 许海燕 FENG Zhengzhi;XU Haiyan(Experimental Research Center for Medical and Psychological Sciences,School of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系医学心理实验中心,重庆400038

出　　处：《陆军军医大学学报》2024年第14期1593-1599,共7页Journal of Army Medical University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金军事学青年项目(22-SKJJ-B-019)。

摘　　要：伴随认知神经科学进入技术应用时代,军事心理训练从传统的行为训练向基于神经成像、人工智能和虚拟现实等技术的认知神经训练发展。认知神经训练包括侵入性和非侵入性两类,既可用于军事职业相关神经精神障碍的辅助治疗,更可作为以脑为靶点的预防性训练以增强认知、调节情绪和塑造行为。本文聚焦于非侵入性认知神经训练,重点梳理以重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)、经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)和低强度聚焦超声(low-intensity focused ultrasound,LIFU)等为代表的非侵入性脑刺激(non-invasive brain stimulation,NIBS)以及由脑电图(electroencephalography,EEG)、功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)和功能近红外光谱技术(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)介导的神经反馈(neurofeedback,NF),展望其智能化、个性化、多模态、感官化和可穿戴发展趋势,并探讨我军开展认知神经训练研究和应用需要注意的问题。As cognitive neuroscience enters the era of technology application,military psychological training has evolved from traditional behavioral training to cognitive neural training based on neuroimaging,artificial intelligence,virtual reality,and other technologies.Cognitive neural training includes both invasive and non-invasive types,which can be used not only as an adjunct treatment for military occupation-related neuropsychiatric disorders,but also as preventive training that targets the brain to enhance cognitive ablity,regulate emotion,and shape behavior.In this article,we focused on non-invasive cognitive neural training,mainly sorting out the advanced literature concerning non-invasive brain stimulation represented by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and low-intensity focused ultrasound,as well as neurofeedback mediated by electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,and functional near-infrared spectroscopy.We prospected the development trend of intelligent,personalized,multimodal,sensory and wearable neural training,and brought forward and discussed the problems that need our attention in the research and application of cognitive neural training in our army.

关 键 词：军事认知神经训练 认知神经科学 非侵入性脑刺激 神经反馈 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] E0[哲学宗教—心理学] R395.1[军事—军事理论]