知觉压力对常驻高原军人睡眠质量的影响:职业紧张的调节作用  

Effect of perceived stress on sleep quality in military personnel serving in plateau:regulatory effect of occupational stress

作　　者：许珂 赵梦雪[2] 王佳[2] 张晶轩[2] 夏凡 蒋娟[2] 冯正直[2] XU Ke;ZHAO Mengxue;WANG Jia;ZHANG Jingxuan;XIA Fan;JIANG Juan;FENG Zhengzhi(Department of Field Nursing,School of Nursing,,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing 400038,China;School of Medical Psychology,Army Medical University(Third Military Medical University),Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)护理系野战护理学教研室,重庆400038 [2]陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)医学心理系,重庆400038

出　　处：《陆军军医大学学报》2024年第14期1618-1625,共8页Journal of Army Medical University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金军事学青年项目(2022-SKJJ-C-017);陆军军医大学教育教学改革课题(31110110);陆军临床重点培育专科高原急诊医学科。

摘　　要：目的探讨常驻高原军人睡眠质量特点,以及知觉压力、职业紧张等因素对其影响。方法本研究采用横断面研究设计方案。于2023年2月,应用自编的人口学资料调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、知觉压力量表(perceived stress scale,PSS-10)、工作内容问卷(job content questionnaire,JCQ),对整群抽取的常驻我国高原某部的3784名高原军人进行测查。结果常驻高原军人PSQI总分为(5.37±2.78)分,PSQI总分及各维度得分均显著高于我国平原常模(P<0.001)。不同年龄、军龄、民族、驻守高原时长、文化程度、家庭结构的常驻高原军人PSQI得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。低知觉压力组常驻高原军人的PSQI得分显著低于高知觉压力组(t=-12.108,P<0.001)。调节效应分析显示,驻守高原时长、工作自主、工作心理要求、工作环境中的社会支持能调节知觉压力与睡眠质量间的关系(t值分别为8.326、-3.788、-2.145、-6.656,P<0.05),分别解释睡眠质量变异率的14.6%、7.6%、7.0%和7.9%。结论常驻高原军人睡眠质量较差。年龄、军龄、驻守高原时长、民族、家庭结构、文化程度、知觉压力、职业紧张是常驻高原军人睡眠质量的重要影响因素。驻守高原时长、职业紧张能调节常驻高原军人睡眠质量与知觉压力的关系。Objective To explore the features of sleep quality and its relationship with perceived stress and occupational stress in military personnel serving in high-altitude regions.Methods Cross-sectional study design was adopted in this study.In February 2023,self-designed demographic data questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),perceived stress scale(PSS-10)and job content questionnaire(JCQ)were applied to survey 3784 soldiers from a unit stationing in plateau subjected by cluster sampling.Results The total score of PSQI was 5.37±2.78 in the participants,and the total score and the scores of each dimension of PSQI were significantly higher than the national norms for Chinese(P<0.001).There were significant differences in PSQI scores among different age,length of military service,nationality,length of stationing in plateau,education level and family structure(P<0.001).The low perceived stress group had significantly lower PSQI scores than the high perceived stress group(t=-12.108,P<0.001).Regulatory effect analysis showed that the length of stationing in plateau,work autonomy,work psychological requirements,and social support in the work environment could modulate the relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality(t=8.326,-3.788,-2.145,-6.656,P<0.05),and explained 14.6%,7.6%,7.0%and 7.9%of the variance of sleep quality,respectively.Conclusion The military personnel serving in high-altitude regions have a poor sleep quality.Age,time of military service,time of stationing in plateau,nationality,family structure,education level,perceived stress,and occupational stress are important factors affecting their sleep quality.The length of stationing in plateau time and occupational stress,can modulate the relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality.

关 键 词：高原 军人 睡眠质量 知觉压力 职业紧张 

分 类 号：R338.63[医药卫生—人体生理学] R395.1[医药卫生—基础医学] R821.21[哲学宗教—心理学]