东沙海域上坡波导声传播实验及其特性分析  

Experimental study and characteristic analysis of sound propagation in upslope waveguides in Dongsha sea area

作　　者：张海刚 谢金怀[1,2,3] 王笑寒 马志康 ZHANG Haigang;XIE Jinhuai;WANG Xiaohan;MA Zhikang(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin,150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin,150001;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin,150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《声学学报》2024年第4期835-843,共9页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12174048,11904292);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(3236330022)资助。

摘　　要：针对上坡波导环境对水声传播的影响,在东沙海域开展海上声传播实验,观测到了斜坡顶端声能量急剧下降的现象。通过建立实际波导环境模型,利用抛物方程理论计算声传播损失,验证了斜坡环境对声传播的影响,并利用射线方法对声能量急剧下降机理进行了讨论和分析。结果表明:声波在声速负梯度环境上坡传播过程中,受声源深度、斜坡坡度、斜坡水平距离和海底声速的综合影响,有效传播至斜坡顶端的声能存在显著差异。声源深度越浅、斜坡坡度越大、海底纵波声速越低,传播至斜坡顶端的声能量越弱;此外,与水平波导相比,斜坡波导的水平距离增加同样会加剧声能的衰减。An underwater acoustic propagation experiment was conducted in the Dongsha Sea to investigate the effects of upslope waveguide environments on sound propagation.The experiment revealed a significant attenuation of acoustic energy at the slope crest.A realistic waveguide environment model was established,and the parabolic equation theory was used to calculate the acoustic propagation loss,confirming the observed impact of the sloping environment on sound propagation.Ray tracing methods were further employed to discuss and analyze the mechanism behind the sharp decrease in acoustic energy.The results indicate that during upslope propagation in an environment with a negative sound speed gradient,the acoustic energy effectively reaching the slope crest varies significantly due to factors such as source depth,slope inclination,horizontal distance,and bottom sound speed.Shallower source depths,steeper slopes,and lower bottom sound speeds result in weaker acoustic energy propagation to the slope crest.Furthermore,compared to horizontal waveguides,increased horizontal distances in upslope waveguides lead to more pronounced acoustic energy attenuation.

关 键 词：东沙海域 声传播 上坡传播 斜坡地形 

分 类 号：P733.2[天文地球—物理海洋学]