洪湖周边三种典型养殖类型池塘浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系  

Characteristics of the community structure of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in three typical types of aquaculture ponds around Honghu area

作　　者：李天丽[1,3] 高广斌 白东 郑凌凌[1,3] 张琪[1,3] 杜帆 宋立荣[1,3] LI Tianli;GAO Guangbin;BAI Dong;ZHENG Lingling;ZHANG Qi;DU Fan;SONG Lirong(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Aquatic Biological Resource Center,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,国家水生生物种质资源库,武汉430072

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第4期3-14,共12页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓科技创新专项(2018YFD0900701);湖北省科技创新创业服务能力建设专项(2018BEC471)。

摘　　要：不同养殖水体浮游植物群落结构和丰度的变化,可反映水质和水产品状态,认识其变化特征和驱动力,对养殖管理和尾水处理有重要的指导意义。本研究于2019-2020年在洪湖养殖区域选择了三种典型养殖类型池塘(克氏原螯虾、中华绒螯蟹、大宗淡水鱼,以下分别简称为龙虾塘、河蟹塘和鱼塘),解析了各类型池塘浮游植物的物种组成、细胞密度、生物量和多样性的季节变化趋势。结果显示:(1)共检测到浮游植物132种,隶属于7门96属。浮游植物细胞密度和生物量总体趋势为鱼塘>河蟹塘>龙虾塘,年平均细胞密度分别为1.06×10^(8)、6.04×10^(7)和2.35×10^(7)cell/L,年平均生物量(叶绿素a表示)分别为94.82、65.95和31.15μg/L。(2)三种养殖模式池塘中浮游植物群落结构具有显著性差异,并具有明显的季节演替。春夏两季中龙虾塘与河蟹塘的浮游植物群落结构组成更为相似,而秋冬两季中河蟹塘与鱼塘更为相似。龙虾塘和河蟹塘浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数均在收获季节(龙虾为夏季,河蟹为秋季)最低。(3)冗余分析结果表明温度(Temp)、溶氧(DO)、pH和溶解性总磷(DTP)是影响养殖池塘中浮游植物群落组成的主要环境因子。多元线性回归模型显示,不同季节中解释浮游植物生物量变化的主要因素不同,春季和秋季为总氮(TN)和养殖动物类型,冬季为TP、DTP、NH_(4)^(+)-N。鉴于各养殖类型在排水季节的浮游植物优势类群变动,建议加强养殖尾水监控,以预判尾水种源迁移对邻近水域的潜在影响。The changes in phytoplankton community structure and abundance in aquaculture water can indicate the state of water quality.During the aquaculture process,tracking,monitoring and regulation of phytoplankton can promote the stable and efficient operation of aquaculture systems,and facilitate the smooth development of aquaculture activities.To explore phytoplankton community structure and dynamics in different aquaculture ponds,including Eriocheir sinensis,Procambarus clarkii and fish(conventional freshwater fish),we conducted the quarterly survey in 2019-2020 around the Honghu Lake.Seasonal changes in phytoplankton species composition,cell density,biomass aquaculture ponds and diversity between the three aquaculture ponds of were analyzed.Results are as follows:(1)A total of 132 phytoplankton species belonging to 96 genera and seven phyla were detected.The overall phytoplankton biomass and cell density trend was fish ponds>crab ponds>crayfish ponds.The average cell densities were 1.06×10^(8),6.04×10^(7) and 2.35×10^(7)cell/L,and the average biomass(chlorophyll a)were 94.82,65.95 and 31.15μg/L,respectively.(2)The results expose that different cultivated-animals significantly affected phytoplankton community composition(P=0.001)and the community evolution exhibits a marked seasonality.The phytoplankton community composition of crab ponds was similar to crayfish ponds in spring and summer,whereas it’s more similar to fish ponds in autumn and winter.For crayfish ponds and crab ponds,the lowest Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were observed in the harvest season(summer for crayfish and autumn for crab).(3)The redundancy analysis(RDA)results showed that temperature(Temp),dissolved oxygen(DO),pH and dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)were significantly correlated with phytoplankton species composition in aquaculture ponds.The results of multivariable linear regression models demonstrate that TN and cultivated animals were the main factors explaining the changes in phytoplankton biomass in spring and autumn.In cont

关 键 词：浮游植物 养殖池塘 群落结构 环境因子 洪湖 

分 类 号：Q948.8[生物学—植物学]