稻螺共作中国圆田螺肠道和底泥微生物群的比较研究  

Microbiota comparison of Cipangopaludina chinensis intestine and sediment under a rice-snail

作　　者：潘贤辉 覃俊奇 庞海峰 梁正[1] 林勇 李文红 黄姻[1] 陈忠 杜雪松 周康奇 PAN Xianhui;QIN Junqi;PANG Haifeng;LIANG Zheng;LIN Yong;LI Wenhong;HUANG Yin;CHEN Zhong;DU Xuesong;ZHOU Kangqi(Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences,Nanning 530021,China;Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院,广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,南宁530021 [2]广西大学,南宁530004

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第4期15-24,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(AA17204080-5);广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA297067);广西科技基地与人才项目(AD21220010);广西特色淡水鱼产业创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-08)。

摘　　要：为构建稻螺生态综合种养模式,本研究分析同一生境下不同发育阶段中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)肠道微生物差异,并将其与底泥微生物进行比较研究。实验利用Ion S5^(TM)XL平台对16S rRNA扩增子进行测序,比较研究成年和幼年螺肠道菌群及其功能。结果显示:底泥中微生物多样性显著高于螺肠道菌群,同时幼螺肠道菌群多样性也显著高于成螺。在所有样品中共鉴定出51门243属,其中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,48.95%)、变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria,20.37%)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,7.94%)占据主导地位。指示物种分析发现幼螺肠道中苔藓杆菌属(Bryobacter)、互养菌属(Syntrophus)、酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitro-spira)、玫瑰单胞菌属(Roseomonas)5种菌群丰度显著高于成螺,而这些菌群均与蛋白质、氨基酸等能源物质代谢相关,暗示着幼螺时期所需的能源物质更多,消化代谢能力更强。功能预测结果显示螺肠道中的糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢等功能菌群丰度极显著高于底泥,但是成年和幼年中国圆田螺肠道菌群功能未出现差异,表明在肠道与底泥不同生境下菌群所发挥功能具有一定的偏好性,而同一环境中田螺肠道菌群功能较为一致。综上,螺肠道和底泥的微生物丰度不同,但二者微生物群落组成相似,说明田螺肠道微生物组成的变化与同一生态系统中的底泥密切相关;同时田螺在生长发育过程中肠道菌群组成及其功能较为一致,但处于生长快速阶段的幼螺对能源物质的代谢能力强,为此在养殖过程中应给予幼螺充足营养,适当提高饲料中脂肪、蛋白等能源物质的比例,满足田螺快速生长的能量需求。The differences of Cipangopaludina chinensis gut microorganisms at different developmental stages in the same habitat and the comparative research with sediment microorganisms were studied to provide a reference for the construction of an ecological integrated rice-snail breeding model.In this study,the 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced using the Ion S5TMXL platform to comparatively study the adult and juvenile snail gut flora and their functions.We found that the microbial diversity in the sediment was significantly higher than that of the snail gut flora(P<0.05).In comparison,the diversity of the juvenile snail gut flora was also significantly higher than that of the adult snail(P<0.05).A total of 51 phyla and 243 genera were identified in all samples,in which Bacteroidetes(48.95%),Proteobacteria(20.37%)and Firmicutes(7.94%)dominated.Indicator species analysis revealed that the abundance of five bacterial groups(Bryobacter,Syntrophus,Acidibacter,Nitrospira and Roseomonas)in the gut of juvenile snails,all associated with the metabolism of energy substances such as proteins and amino acids,were significantly higher than that of adult snails(P<0.05),implying that more energy substances were required and more digestive and metabolic capacity in the juvenile period.The results of functional prediction showed that the abundance of functional flora of sugar metabolism,amino acid metabolism,energy metabolism,cofactor and vitamin metabolism in the snail gut was significantly higher than that in the sediment(P<0.01).Still,there was no difference in the function of the gut flora of adult and juvenile snails(P>0.05),indicating that there was a specific preference for the tasks performed by the flora in different habitats of the gut and the sediment.In contrast,the function of the gut flora of snails in the same environment was more consistent.The microbial abundance of snail gut and sediment are different.Still,the microbial community composition of the two is similar,indicating that the changes in the microbial compositio

关 键 词：中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis) 肠道菌群 功能预测 稻螺共生 16S rRNA 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]