不同盐度对奥利亚罗非鱼幼鱼鳃、肾和肝组织结构的影响  

Effects of different salinities on gill,kidney and liver tissues of juvenile Oreochromis aureus

作　　者：杨雁 潘贤辉 林勇 赵明旺 陈忠 杜雪松 黄姻 覃俊奇 张彩群 罗勇胜 周康奇 YANG Yan;PAN Xianhui;LIN Yong;ZHAO Mingwang;CHEN Zhong;DU Xuesong;HUANG Yin;QIN Junqi;ZHANG Caiqun;LUO Yongsheng;ZHOU Kangqi(Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Nanning 530021,China;Aquatic Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Binqiao Township Longzhou County,Longzhou 532400,Guangxi,China;Fishery Technical Extension Station of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County,Rongshui 545300,Guangxi,China;Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Liunan District,Liuzhou 545007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院/广西水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,南宁530021 [2]崇左市龙州县彬桥乡水产畜牧兽医站,广西龙州532400 [3]柳州市融水苗族自治县水产技术推广站,广西融水545300 [4]柳州市柳南区动物疫病预防控制中心,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第4期25-31,共7页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：广西特色淡水鱼产业创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-08);广西创新驱动发展专项(AA17204080-5);广西科技基地与人才项目(AD21220010);广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA297067)。

摘　　要：为探究不同盐度对奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)幼鱼的鳃、肾和肝脏组织结构变化的影响,本研究以奥利亚罗非鱼幼鱼为研究对象,设置0‰、3‰、5‰、7‰、9‰和11‰等6个盐度梯度组,进行为期60 d的养殖。通过组织学比较分析不同盐度条件下幼鱼的鳃、肾和肝脏组织结构变化特征。结果显示:0‰组幼鱼鳃丝结构完整,泌氯细胞较少,鳃小片细长。随着盐度的升高,各组鳃丝间隔差异不明显,但鳃丝细胞出现萎缩,泌氯细胞增多,鳃小片变短,其中11‰组最短,与0‰差异显著;鳃小片宽度随着盐度的增加表现为先升后降趋势,7‰组宽度最大,并与0‰组差异显著,而且11‰组鳃丝出现不同程度的组织分离和细胞脱落现象。0‰组幼鱼的肾小球发达,大多数较为饱满。随着盐度增加,肾小管和肾小球逐渐萎缩,肾小囊的囊腔变大。0‰组幼鱼肝细胞界限明显,细胞核清晰,肝细胞结构比较完整。从3‰组开始幼鱼的肝血窦丰富,肝细胞出现少量空泡现象,但细胞核和细胞界限仍较为明显。5‰~11‰组随着盐度增加幼鱼的肝细胞空泡化、核偏移逐渐严重,并且血管和肝血窦数量相对于对照组有所提高。综上,长期盐度养殖奥利亚罗非鱼建议将盐度水平控制在5‰内较为合适。This study established six salinity gradient groups(0‰,3‰,5‰,7‰,9‰,and 11‰)for a 60-day period with Oreochromis aureus to investigate the impact of varying salinities on the histological structure of the gills,kidneys and liver of juvenile.Histological comparisons were employed to analyze the gill,kidney,and liver tissue’s structural variations under different salinity conditions.Results exhibited intact gill filaments at 0‰,featuring a lower presence of chloride cells and elongated gill lamellae.As salinity increased,differences in gill filament spacing between groups became insignificant.However,gill filament cells displayed atrophy,increased inincreased chloride cells,and reduced gill lamellar length,with the 11‰groupshowing the most significant shortening compared to 0‰.Gill lamellar width followed a pattern of initial increase followed by a decrease with rising salinity,with the 7‰ width being notably distinct from the 0‰ group.Additionally,the gill filaments of the 11‰ group demonstrated varying degrees of tissue separation and cell detachment.In the 0‰ group,fish glomeruli were well-developed and predominantly full.However,as salinity increased,renal tubules and glomeruli gradually atrophied,and the cystic lumen of the renal capsule enlarged.Hepatocytes at 0‰ exhibited distinctive boundaries,clear nuclei,and a more complete hepatocellular structure.Starting from 3‰,hepatic blood sinusoids became abundant,with a minor presence of vacuolation in the hepatocytes,albeit with relatively straightforward nuclei and cell boundaries.Salinity levels from 5 to 11‰ led to increasing severity in hepatocyte vacuolation and nuclear displacement,alongside a rise in blood vessels and hepatic blood sinusoids compared to the control group.In sum,it is advisable to maintain the long-term salinity culture of O.aureus within a 5‰ range.

关 键 词：奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus) 盐度 鳃 肾 肝脏 组织结构 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]