长江下游靖江段沿岸优势鱼类体内微塑料污染研究  

Investigation on microplastic pollution in dominant fish along the lower reaches in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River

作　　者：唐振 唐文乔[1,2] 张亚 郭弘艺[1,2] TANG Zhen;TANG Wenqiao;ZHANG Ya;GUO Hongyi(Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306 [2]水产种质资源发掘与利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第4期57-65,共9页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900802)。

摘　　要：为了解长江禁渔前长江下游鱼体内微塑料的污染情况,对采自长江靖江沿岸2012、2014、2016和2018年的刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)和光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)消化道和鳃部的微塑料检出率、丰度和物理特征作了分析。结果显示:在4种480尾鱼消化道和鳃部内共检出1742个微塑料,平均检出率96.25%、丰度为(3.63±2.12)个/尾,其中光泽黄颡鱼和似鳊体内的微塑料丰度分别为(4.24±2.39)个/尾、(4.04±2.09)个/尾,显著高于刀鲚[(3.23±1.95)个/尾]和贝氏■[(3.02±1.75)个/尾]。4种鱼消化道的微塑料平均丰度[(1.95±1.59)个/尾]显著大于鳃[(1.68±1.38)个/尾],但刀鲚和贝氏■在这两个部位之间的微塑料丰度接近。在检出的4种形状的微塑料中,以碎片状(59.82%)和纤维状(32.55%)占比最高。8种颜色中,以黑色(49.02%)和透明(15.04%)比例较高。粒径方面,以<0.1 mm(27.80%)和0.1~0.5 mm(46.84%)的占比最大。比较发现,鳃部的粒径较大、纤维状比例较高,而消化道的黑色占比更高。4种鱼体内微塑料的平均丰度从2012年的(3.93±2.06)个/尾降低到2018年的(3.32±1.99)个/尾,呈现显著性下降趋势。与长江几个大型湖泊相比,长江靖江段优势鱼类微塑料丰度相对较低,物理特征也有差异,农用薄膜、包装袋、塑料瓶、渔具和衣物等可能是重要来源。The detective rate,abundance and physical characteristics of microplastics in the digestive tract and gills of Coilia Nasus,Hemiculter bleekeri,Pseudobrama simoni and Pelteobagrus nitidus collected along the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River in 2012,2014,2016 and 2018 were analyzed to investigate the microplastic pollution of fish in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River before the Yangtze River fishing ban.The results showed that 1742 microplastics were detected in the digestive tract and gills of 480 fish of four fish species.The average detective rate was 96.25%and the average abundance was(3.63±2.12)items/individual.The abundance of microplastics in P.nitidus and P.simoni was(4.24±2.39)items/individual and(4.04±2.09)items/individual,which was significantly higher than that of C.Nasus[(3.23±1.95)items/individual]and H.bleekeri[(3.02±1.75)items/individual].The average abundance of microplastics in the digestive tract of the four species of fish[(1.95±1.59)items/individual]was significantly higher than that in the gills[(1.68±1.38)items/individual].Still,the abundance of microplastics between the two parts of C.Nasus and H.bleekeri was similar.Among the four shapes of microplastics detected,the proportion of fragments(59.82%)and fibers(32.55%)was the highest,the proportion of black(49.02%)and transparent(15.04%)was the highest among the eight colors,and the proportion of particle size<0.1 mm(27.80%)and 0.1~0.5 mm(46.84%)was the largest.The gill was found to have a larger particle size and a higher proportion of fiber,while the digestive tract had a higher proportion of black.The average abundance of microplastics in four fish species decreased from(3.93±2.06)items/individual in 2012 to(3.32±1.99)items/individual in 2018,showing a significant decreasing trend.Compared with several large lakes of the Yangtze River,the abundance of microplastics of dominant fish in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River is relatively low,and the physical characteristics are also different.Agricultural films,packa

关 键 词：长江靖江段 沿岸鱼类 微塑料污染 消化道 鳃 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]