饲料中铬过量对罗氏沼虾生长、糖代谢、氧化应激及免疫应答的影响  

Effects of excessive dietary chromium on growth,glucose metabolism,oxidative stress and immune responses in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

作　　者：成钰 于鹏 张成硕 马晶晶[1] 陈永成 何冲霄[1,2] 蔡立旺[1,2] 王凯[1] 李红阳[1] CHENG Yu;YU Peng;ZHANG Chengshuo;MA Jingjing;CHEN Yongcheng;HE Chongxiao;CAI Liwang;WANG Kai;LI Hongyang(Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yancheng 224002,Jiangsu,China;Judicial Expertise Institute of Yancheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yancheng 224002,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002 [2]盐城市农业科学院司法鉴定所,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第4期66-76,共11页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191215);中国盐城渔业高质量发展研究课题(YCSCYJ2021029);农业部沿海盐碱地科学观测试验站开放课题(YHS201906);盐城市农业科学院揭榜挂帅制项目(SJ202104)。

摘　　要：本实验旨在研究饲料中铬过量对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)生长、糖代谢、氧化应激及免疫应答的影响。以吡啶甲酸铬(Cr-Pic)为铬源,配制铬含量分别为0 mg/kg(Cr0)、20 mg/kg(Cr20)、40 mg/kg(Cr40)和50 mg/kg(Cr50)的4种实验饲料,选取初始体质量为(3.48±0.12)g的罗氏沼虾幼虾,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复放25尾虾,进行为期28 d的养殖实验。养殖实验结束后,每组取实验虾10尾左右(40 g/L),禁食24 h后开展拥挤胁迫实验。结果表明:(1)与Cr0组相比,铬过量组罗氏沼虾终末体长、终末体质量和成活率(SR)均显著下降,Cr50组特定生长率(SGR)、肥满度(CF)显著降低;拥挤胁迫96 h后,各组累积死亡率随铬含量增加而上升。(2)肝胰腺中糖酵解相关酶活性随铬含量增加呈逐渐下降趋势,14 d时Cr40和Cr50组己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)活性均显著低于Cr0组,28 d时Cr50组磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)活性显著最低;14 d时,铬过量组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性显著降低;随铬含量增加,磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)活性逐渐下降,28 d时Cr40和Cr50组显著低于Cr0组;肌肉中糖代谢相关酶活性在14 d时随铬含量增加逐渐升高,但28 d时受到抑制。(3)28 d时,Cr20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著下降,Cr40组CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性显著下降;Cr50组养殖过程中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、CAT和GSH-PX活性均显著降低;与Cr0组相比,Cr20和Cr40组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高;乙酰胆碱酯酶活性(AchE)随铬含量增加逐渐降低,28 d时铬过量组均显著低于Cr0组。(4)Cr50组14 d时酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和28 d时溶菌酶(LZM)及碱性磷酸酶(ACP)活性显著低于Cr0组。综上所述,饲料中铬过量对罗氏沼虾生长、糖代谢、抗氧化能力及免疫功能均有抑制作用。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of excessive dietary chromium on growth performance,glucose metabolism,oxidative stress and immune responses in juvenile shrimps of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were designed with chromium picolinate(Cr-Pic)at levels of 0(Cr0),20(Cr20),40(Cr40),and 50(Cr50)mg/kg.A total of 240 shrimps with an average body weight of(3.48±0.12)g were randomly distributed into four groups with four replicates of 25 shrimps per aquarium and fed experimental diets for 28 days.Crowding stress was conducted in each group with ten shrimps(40 g/L)after 24 h starvation.The results showed as follows:(1)compared with the Cr0 group,excessive chromium supplementation significantly depressed the terminal length,final weight,and survival rate(SR)of shrimps.The shrimps fed a diet containing 50 mg/kg chromium exhibited lower specific growth rate(SGR)and condition factor(CF)declines.The cumulative death rate in each group increased with increasing chromium concentrations under the sustained crowding stress for 96 h.(2)In the hepatopancreas,the glucose metabolizing enzymes showed a declining tendency with the elevation of dietary chromium concentration.The hexokinase(HK)and pyruvate kinase(PK)activities both in the Cr40 group and Cr50 group were significantly lower than those of the Cr0 group at 14 d,and the phosphofructokinase(PFK)activity of the Cr50 group was significantly lower than the other groups at 28 d.Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)activities in excessive chromium supplementation groups also significantly decreased at 14 d.The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK)activity decreased as chromium concentration increased,and the PEPCK activities of the Cr40 and Cr50 groups were significantly lower than those of the Cr0 group at 28 d.In muscle,the glucose metabolizing enzymes increased with the increasing concentration of chromium at 14 d,while suppression of enzymes appeared at 28 d.(3)The catalase(CAT)activity in the

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) 铬 生长 糖代谢 氧化应激 免疫 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]