中国古代文学和文学理论的边界  

The Boundary of Ancient Chinese Literature and Literary Theory

作　　者：王兆鹏 WANG Zhao-peng(The College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期129-136,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“汉魏六朝文学编年地图平台建设”(19ZDA253)。

摘　　要：从中国古代“文学”的语义内涵来看,先秦时代,“文学”指文化典籍;魏晋时期,“文学”指文章著述,既包含审美性和文学性作品,也包含应用性和非文学性作品。从中国古代文学理论的文体指向来看,曹丕《典论·论文》、葛洪《抱朴子》、颜之推《颜氏家训》,以及首创《文苑传》的刘宋范晔《后汉书》、继之为文学家立传的梁萧子显《南齐书》,也一直把应用性文学、非审美性文学视为文学。在他们的观念里,应用性文体也是注重美感的,只不过美的表现方式和美感来源不同而已。从文学总集和别集的编录实践来看,挚虞的《文章流别集》、萧统的《文选》和宋人的《文苑英华》、明清的各种文章总集以及唐宋如韩愈、柳宗元、欧阳修诸家别集,都是将文学性文体和应用性文体兼收并蓄,一视同仁。无论是文学观念层面还是文学实践层面,中国古代文学和文学理论都包含文学性文体和非文学性文体,其边界既具包容性,又具明确性。金惠敏教授提出的“没有文学的文学理论”,非常切合中国古代文学的实际。According to the semantic connotations of“literature”in ancient China,“literature”referred to the cultural classics of the Pre-Qin period,while it denoted written works encompassing aesthetic and literary writings as well as practical and non-literary compositions of the Wei and Jin period.In terms of the literary genres of ancient Chinese literary theory,practical and non-aesthetic literature had been regarded as part of literature in some literary works,such as Cao Pi’s Lunwen collected in his book Dianlun,Ge Hong’s Baopuzi,Yan Zhitui’s Yanshi Jiaxun,The Book of the Later Han by Fan Ye,who pioneered in writing book of biographies of literary figures in the Song period of the Southern Dynasties,and Xiao Zixian’s The Book of Southern Qi in the Liang Dynasty,which included the biographies of literary figures.In these writers’views,practical literary forms also emphasized aesthetic perception,though the methods of manifestation and sources of the perception varied.In terms of literary works general collection and anthology compiling,Zhi Yu’s Wenzhang Liubie Ji,Xiao Tong’s Wenxuan,the Song Dynasty’s Wenyuan Yinghua,various general collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as anthologies of the Tang and Song writers like Han Yu,Liu Zongyuan,and Ouyang Xiu,included both literary and practical literary genres,treating them all as literature.Given literary concepts or practice,ancient Chinese literature and literary theory encompassed both literary and non-literary forms,with inclusive yet distinct boundaries.In this sense,Professor Jin Huimin’s proposition“Literary Theory without Literature”aptly reflects the reality of ancient Chinese literature.

关 键 词：中国古代文学 文学理论 文学性 “没有文学的文学理论” 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学]