新疆大果沙枣果实褐斑病菌主要生物学特性及室内药剂筛选  

Main Biological Characteristics and Indoor Pesticides Screening of Furit Brown Spot of Elaeagnus angustifolia in Xinjiang

作　　者：刘珩[1] 蒋腾[1] 罗青红[1] 白剑宇[1] LIU Heng;JIANG Teng;LUO Qing-hong;BAI Jian-yu(Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Forest Resources and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Urumqi 830063,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院/新疆林木资源与利用国家林草局重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第3期62-68,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2019B00007);中央财政林业改革发展资金项目(新[2021]TG01号)。

摘　　要：明确沙枣果实褐斑病菌(Alternaria alternata)的主要生物学特征并室内筛选防治药剂,可为沙枣果实褐斑病的科学研究和化学防控奠定一定的理论基础。采用菌丝生长速率法,通过测定新疆大果沙枣果实褐斑病病菌在不同碳源种类、温度、pH值和光照条件下的生长速率,初步明确该病原菌的主要生物学特性;通过室内毒力试验,根据毒力回归方程求得的各杀菌剂抑菌中浓度(EC50),筛选对病原菌具有较强抑菌效果的药剂。结果表明:除光照条件外,其他3种因素均对病原菌丝生长具有显著影响,其中最适培养基为以葡萄糖为碳源的PDA培养基,最适生长温度为(26±1)℃,最适pH值为7左右,最适光照条件为24 h全光照;不同药剂对大果沙枣果实褐斑病原菌的毒力存在明显差异,其中,25%吡唑嘧菌酯(23.099 mg/L)、43%戊唑醇(24.060 mg/L)、40%氟硅唑(36.454 mg/L)和80%代森锰锌的EC50(97.207 mg/L)均低于100 mg/L,对病原菌具有较强毒力。对沙枣果实褐斑病菌主要生物学特性的研究明确了该菌的最佳生长环境,为后期的进一步研究提供了技术支持。室内筛选的4种杀菌剂可以作为田间防治试验的备选药剂。Clarifying the main biological characteristics of Alternaria alternata,a pathogen of fruit brown spot of Elaeagnus angustifolia,and screening control agents indoors can lay a theoretical foundation for scientific research and chemical control of this disease.By using the mycelial growth rate method,the growth rate of the pathogen causing fruit brown spot of E.angustifolia in Xinjiang was determined under different carbon source types,temperatures,pH values,and light conditions,in order to preliminarily clarify the main biological characteristics of the pathogen.Through indoor toxicity tests and based on the toxicity regression equation,the inhibitory concentrations(EC50)of each fungicide were obtained,and the pesticides with strong inhibition effects on A.alternata were screened.The results showed that except for light conditions,the other three factors had a significant impact on the growth of pathogenic hyphae.The optimal culture medium was PDA medium with glucose as the carbon source,the optimal growth temperature was(26±1)℃,the optimal pH value was about 7,and the optimal light conditions were 24 h of full light exposure.There are significant differences in the virulence of different pesticides against the pathogen of A.alternata.Among them,the EC50(97.207 mg/L)of 25%pyrazoxystrobin(23.099 mg/L),43%tebuconazole(24.060 mg/L),40%flusilazole(36.454 mg/L),and 80%mancozeb(97.207 mg/L)were all lower than 100 mg/L and had strong virulence against the pathogen.The study of the main biological characteristics of the fruit brown spot pathogen of E.angustifolia has identified the optimal growth environment for A.alternata,providing technical support for further research in the later stage.The four fungicides screened indoors can be used as alternative pesticides for field control experiments.

关 键 词：大果沙枣 果实褐斑病 杀菌剂 抑菌圈试验 室内毒力 

分 类 号：S436.65[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]