地形和建筑触发珠海机场低空风切变数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of terrain and buildings-triggered low-level wind shear around Zhuhai Airport

作　　者：杨巧兰 蒋晓威 夏冬 黄照亮 李智标 邓丽洁 YANG Qiaolan;JIANG Xiaowei;XIA Dong;HUANG Zhaoliang;LI Zhibiao;DENG Lijie(Zhuhai Public Meteorological Service Center,Zhuhai 519000,China;Zhuhai-macao Meteorological Innovation and Applied Research Center,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海市公共气象服务中心,广东珠海519000 [2]珠澳气象创新与应用研究中心,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2024年第4期47-60,共14页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：广东省气象局科技项目(GRMC2021Q13)。

摘　　要：为了分析复杂地形和建筑物对珠海机场风场的影响及是否会诱发低空风切变,利用流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对珠海机场周围地形和建筑物进行风环境数值模拟,分析北、西北偏北和东北风背景下机场上空低空风切变的易发区。结果表明:(1)3个风向下地形和建筑物在机场跑道引起的风速波动均出现在500 m高度以下,且均主要出现在沿着跑道的方向;(2)吹北风和西北偏北风时,风切变均发生在100~500 m高度,主要由地形引起;(3)吹北风时,在跑道南端以外(距端口0.0~1.4 km区间)发生低空风切变的概率最大,其次在跑道南端附近(跑道内距端口0.2~1.5 km区间),吹西北偏北风时,在跑道南端附近(向外距端口0.5 km至向内距端口1.1 km区间)发生低空风切变的概率最大,其次在跑道中点附近(0.3 km区间);(4)吹东北风时,机场跑道风切变发生概率低。研究结果可为珠海机场低空风切变的探测和预警提供基础,为风切变的防范提供依据,对今后的机场选址及航空安全气象风险评估有参考价值。To analyze the influence of complex terrain and buildings on the wind field of Zhuhai Airport and whether they will induce low-level wind shear,the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)code FLUENT was used to simulate the wind environment around the terrain and buildings of Zhuhai Airport,and the prone airspace of low-level wind shear at the airport under the background of north(N),north-northwest(NNW)and northeast(NE)wind were analyzed.The results show that:(1)The wind speed fluctuations caused by terrain and buildings at the airport runway under the three wind directions all appear below the height of 500 m,and all of them mainly appear along the runway.(2)When the wind direction is N or NNW,the wind shear appears at the height of 100-500 m and is mainly induced by the terrain.(3)When the wind direction is N,the maximum probability of lowlevel wind shear is outside the southern end of the runway(in the area of 0.5-1.4 km from the southern end)and the second is near the southern end(0.2-1.5 km from the southern end within the runway);when the wind direction is NNW,the maximum probability of low-level wind shear is near the south end of the runway(0.5 km outward from the port to 1.1 km inward from the port)and the second is near the midpoint of the runway about 0.3 km.(4)When the wind direction is NE,the probability of low-level wind shear on the airport runway is low.The research results provide a basis for the detection and early warning of low-level wind shear at Zhuhai Airport to prevent wind shear and have significance for airport location and aviation safety meteorological risk assessment in the future.

关 键 词：低空风切变 CFD模拟 复杂地形 建筑 机场跑道 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]