西秦岭成矿带古生界控矿特征及有关成矿作用  

Ore-Controlling Features and Related Mineralization Functiones of the Paleozoic in West Qinling

作　　者：姜寒冰[1] 杨合群[1] 赵国斌[1] 王永和[1] 温志亮[1] 谭文娟[1] 李宗会[1] 辜平阳[1] 李健强[1] 郭培虹[1] 董增产[1] 任华宁[1] JIANG Hanbing;YANG Hequn;ZHAO Guobin;WANG Yonghe;WEN Zhiliang;TAN Wenjuan;LI Zonghui;GU Pingyang;LI Jianqiang;GUO Peihong;DONG Zengchan;REN Huaning(Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《西北地质》2024年第4期218-228,共11页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“中国矿产地质志”(DD20160346、DD20190379、DD20221695)子项目“西北地区区域成矿规律研究与总结”,“祁连-秦岭成矿带战略性矿产调查项目(DD20240115)”;陕西省自然科学基金项目“阿尔泰造山带青河穹窿韧性变形作用的Ar-Ar年代学制约”(2020JM-310)联合资助。

摘　　要：西秦岭成矿带下古生界的赋矿地层分布于南带,主要为志留系,次为寒武系;而上古生界的赋矿地层在南带和北带均有分布,主要为泥盆系,次为石炭系—二叠系。其中,寒武系主要赋存后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关金矿(伴生铜、铀、钼、锑、硒等)。志留系赋存同生沉积作用有关钼钒(伴生镍、铀)、磷、石煤、锰和灰岩矿,后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关金、银、锑、汞和铀矿(伴生铜、钼、镍、钒),局部有表生风化淋滤作用有关褐铁矿、铀矿。南带泥盆系赋存同生沉积作用有关煤、白云岩、石膏、铁和磷矿,后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关铁、金、汞和硫铁矿,局部有表生风化淋滤作用有关褐铁矿;北带泥盆系赋存喷流沉积-改造作用有关铅锌矿及铜矿,后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关铁、铜、金、锑和汞矿,局部有表生风化作用有关白铅矿-菱锌矿。南带石炭系—二叠系赋存沉积作用有关灰岩、白云岩,后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关金和汞矿。北带石炭系—二叠系赋存火山沉积-改造作用有关铅锌矿,后生浅成中-低温热液作用有关金和锑矿等。此外,在西秦岭向东昆仑过渡地带,石炭系—二叠系赋存有火山沉积-改造作用有关铜和锡矿。总之,地层控矿基本分两类:①含矿(同生及准同生关系),矿体是地层的组成部分,成矿时代同于含矿地层时代(志留纪、泥盆纪、石炭纪、二叠纪)。②容矿(后生及表生风化关系),矿体不是地层的组成部分,成矿时代明显晚于容矿地层的时代,区内后生浅成中-低温热液作用主要发生在中生代,风化作用主要发生在新生代。沉积-改造型矿床可视为两种控矿类型的叠加。容矿地层是否矿源层,需具体情况具体分析。The lower Paleozoic ore-bearing strata in the western Qinling metallogenic belt are mainly distributed in the southern belt,predominantly consisting of the Silurian system and followed by the Cambrian system;The upper Paleozoic ore-bearing strata are distributed in both the southern and northern belts,primarily composed of the Devonian system,followed by the Carboniferous-Permian system.Among them,the Cambrian system mainly occurs gold deposits(associated copper,uranium,molybdenum,antimony,selenium,etc.)related to epigenetic hypabyssal medium-low temperature hydrothermal function.The Silurian system occurs molybdenum,vanadium(associated with nickel and uranium),phosphorus,stone coal,manganese and limestone minerals related to syngenetic sedimentation function,epigenetic hypabyssal medium-low temperature hydrothermal function in the formation of gold,silver,antimony,mercury and uranium(associated copper,molybdenum,nickel,vanadium),the local has limonite and uranium deposits related to supergene weathering leaching function.The Devonian system in the southern belt occurs coal,dolomite,gypsum,iron,and phosphate deposits related to syngenetic sedimentation function,epigenetic hypabyssal medium-low temperature hydrothermal function in the formation of iron,gold,mercury,and pyrite,the local has limonite related to supergene weathering leaching function.The Devonian system in the northern belt occurs lead-zinc and copper deposits related to Jet sedimentation-transformation function,epigenetic hypabyssal medium-low temperature hydrothermal function in the formation of iron,copper,gold,antimony,and mercury deposits,the local has cerussite and smithsonite related to supergene weathering function.The Carboniferous-Permian system in the southern belt occurs limestone and dolomite deposits related to sedimentation function,epigenetic hypabyssal medium-low temperature hydrothermal function in the formation of gold and mercury deposits.The Carboniferous-Permian system in the northern belt occurs lead-zinc deposits related to vo

关 键 词：古生界 含矿地层 容矿地层 矿源层 西秦岭成矿带 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]