交际互动中“对”的功能扩张:基于构式竞争的视角  

The Functional expansion of Dui(对)in Communicative Interactions:from the Perspective of Constructional Competition

作　　者：骆琳[1] 杨婉君 LUO Lin;YANG Wan-jun(Institute of Chinese Languages,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学中国语言研究所,武汉430074

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第3期18-28,共11页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助“多模态互动视域下汉语话语表达研究”(HUST:2023WKYXZX018)。

摘　　要：现代汉语中,“对”和“是”作为应答语,表示确认、赞同等意义,在自然会话中高频出现,且话语功能重合度高。然而,在交际互动中,“对”的功能呈现扩张趋势,一是应答功能的扩张,“对”朝着回应话语标记方向演化;二是向“是”的功能扩张,“对”占据“是”的优先回复位置。基于构式竞争理论,文章认为由于“对”的高频使用及多能回应功能,使“对”和“是”使用倾向呈现分化;“对”强势的篇章应答功能,使得“是”的应答范围受到限制,回应功能聚焦于事实事理类和对上阶类引发语;而主观判断义、强表达性、弱主观冲突和适切口语语体则是为“对”提供竞争动力的四大动因。In modern Chinese,Dui(对)and Shi(是),as responses,indicate confirmation,agreement and other meanings,and appear frequently in natural conversation,and the functional coincidence of discourse is high.However,in the communicative interaction,the function of Dui(对)shows an expanding trend.First,the function of response expands,and Dui(对)evolves towards the direction of response discourse markers;The second is to expand the function of Shi(是),and Dui(对)occupies the priority position of Shi(是).Based on the constructional competition theory,the paper argues that the use of Dui(对)and Shi(是)is differentiated due to the high frequency use of Dui(对)and the multifunctional response function.The strong textual response function of Shi(是)limits the range of response of Shi(是),and focuses on the factual and upper-level primes.Subjective judgment of meaning,strong expressiveness,weak subjective conflict and appropriate oral style are the four factors that provide competitive power for Dui(对).

关 键 词：对 功能扩张 构式竞争 语用动力 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]