从全称量化的动词短语到频率副词——以“动不动”和“三不知”为例  

The Change From Verbal Phrases with Universal Quantification to Frequency Adverbs──A Case Study of Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)

作　　者：杨作玲[1] 宋云云 YANG Zuo-ling;SONG Yuan-yuan(School of Art and Communication/National Language and Writing Promotion Base in Three Gorges University,Three Gorges University,Yichang Hubei 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学文学与传媒学院/国家语言文字推广基地,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第3期51-59,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“黄孝方言与周边方言语法比较研究”(18BYY041)。

摘　　要：频率副词“动不动”和“三不知”都由全称量化义的动词短语发展而来。通过隐喻从量域投射到频率域,语义演变的路径是“全量肯定>高频”、“全量否定>低频”。它们都是在“(S)+动不动/三不知+VP”结构中发生语法化,但演变为副词的机制不同:“动不动”是小句整合的伴随结果,“三不知”是对话题化操作移位后的结构重新分析的结果。副词“动不动”和“三不知”都有反预期功能,前者源自与常理相背的语用推理,后者源自出乎说话人意料的语义蕴含。The frequency adverbs Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are developed from verb phrases.The universal quantification meaning of verb phrases are projected from the quantity domain to the frequency domain through metaphor,the path of semantic evolution in which are the affirmation of universal quantification develops into high frequency and the negation of universal quantification into low frequency.Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are grammaticalized in the structure of“(S)+Dongbudong(动不动)/Sanbuzhi(三不知)+VP”,but the mechanism of evolution into adverbs is different:Dongbudong(动不动)is the concomitant result of clause integration,and Sanbuzhi(三不知)is the result of the re-analysis of the structure after topic shift.Both of the adverbs Dongbudong(动不动)and Sanbuzhi(三不知)are counterexpectation markers,the former comes from pragmatic reasoning that is contrary to common sense,the latter originates from semantic implications that deviate from the speaker's expectations.

关 键 词：全量 频率 小句整合 话题化移位 反预期 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]