东北稻区秸秆直接还田技术与机具研究进展  

Research Progress of Rice Straw Direct Returning Technology and Machinery in Northeast China

作　　者：王将 丁友强 岳博文 WANG Jiang;DING Youqiang;YUE Bowen(Zibo Vocational Institute,Zibo,Shandong 255314,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]淄博职业学院,山东淄博255314 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210000

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第4期37-42,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300909-03);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(S202234)。

摘　　要：秸秆直接还田作为保护性耕作的主要内容在我国东北稻区已广泛应用。在综述东北稻区目前主要的秸秆直接还田技术模式与配套机具基础上,重点分析了各环节不同种类机具工作原理及其技术特点。在阐述现有秸秆直接还田技术及配套装备存在问题和短板的基础上,建议重点对水稻秸秆切割技术、抛撒扩抛技术、耕作部件材料和加工工艺、耕作部件防堵技术、秸秆离田成本控制、秸秆压茬和全区域调平技术、农机农艺融合等方面展开深入研究,以期为东北稻区秸秆直接还田技术与机具研究提供装备技术支持。Direct returning of straw as the main content of protective tillage had been widely used in the northeast rice areas.This article summarized the main technical models and supporting machines of direct straw returning in the northeast rice area of China,and analyzed the working principle and technical characteristics of different kinds of machines in each link.Based on explaining the existing problems and shortcomings of existing straw direct returning field technology and supporting equipment,we recommended to focus on research on rice straw cutting technology,power throwing technology,component materials,and processing technology,component prevention technology,cost control of straw departure field,straw stubble and full area leveling technology,agricultural machinery,and agricultural integration research.Hope to provide equipment and technical support for the direct field technology and machinery research of straw back to the northeast rice area of China.

关 键 词：水稻 东北稻区 中国 保护性耕作 秸秆直接还田 机具 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S511.048[农业科学—农业工程]