单季稻开花结实期高温热害特征及防控对策  

Characteristics and Control Measures of High Temperature Heat Damage in Flowering and Fruiting Stage of Single Season Rice

作　　者：方文英[1] 陈佳麒 楚岱蔚 丁梦佳 姚平 金益民 罗天子 沈兴连 莫红华 黄玉英 郑孝孝 朱德峰[8] FANG Wenying;CHEN Jiaqi;CHU Daiwei;DING Mengjia;YAO Ping;JIN Yimin;LUO Tianzi;SHEN Xinglian;MO Honghua;HUANG Yuying;ZHENG Xiaoxiao;ZHU Defeng(Yuhang District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Hangzhou 311114,China;Yuhang District Meteorological Bureau,Hangzhou 311121,China;Regional Development Office of Pingyao Town,Yuhang District,Hangzhou 311115,China;Regional Development Office of Liangzhu Subdistrict,Yuhang District,Hangzhou 311113,China;Luohuan Family Farm of Pingyao Town,Yuhang District,Hangzhou 311115,China;Yuhang Yimin Agricultural Production Service Professional Cooperative,Hangzhou 311107,China;Hangzhou Yufan Agricultural Development Professional Cooperative,Hangzhou 311121,China;China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心,杭州311114 [2]杭州市余杭区气象局,杭州311121 [3]杭州市余杭区瓶窑镇区域发展办公室,杭州311115 [4]杭州市余杭区良渚街道区域发展办公室,杭州311113 [5]杭州余杭区瓶窑镇罗欢家庭农场,杭州311115 [6]杭州余杭益民农业生产服务专业合作社,杭州311107 [7]杭州宇帆农业发展专业合作社,杭州311121 [8]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第4期98-100,共3页China Rice

摘　　要：近年,长江流域稻区单季稻开花结实期高温频发重发。本文分析了高温年水稻开花结实期高温热害特征及高温对结实率的影响。高温年日最高温度高,持续时间延长;高温年7月上旬至8月上旬日最高温度较常温年高4.3℃~4.8℃;水稻开花结实期遇到高温热害结实率下降28.2~43.4个百分点;品种间耐高温热害特性差异较大。根据开花结实期高温热害特征及高温引起结实率下降的特点,提出高温预警及播期调整、耐热品种选择、高温期间田间灌水、喷施生长调节物质等开花结实期高温热害防控对策。In recent years,high temperature have repeatedly occurred during flowering and fruiting stage of single season rice in the Yangtze River Basin.This study analyzed the characteristics of high temperature heat damage,and the effect of high temperature on seed setting rate during the flowering and fruiting stage of high temperature years.The analysis results indicated that the daily maximum temperature increased and the duration of high temperature extended.The daily maximum temperature in early July and early August of high temperature years raised by 4.3℃-4.8℃compared with normal temperature years.During the flowering and fruiting stage of rice,when encountering high temperatures,the seed setting rate decreased by 28.2-43.4 percentage points.The resistance to high temperature heat damage was different among different varieties.According to the characteristics of high temperature heat damage in flowering and fruiting stage and the characteristics of high temperature caused the decrease of the seed setting rate,proposed four prevention and control measures for high temperature heat damage during flowering and fruiting stage,including high temperature warning and sowing period adjustment,selection of heat-resistant varieties,field irrigation during high temperature periods,and spraying of growth regulating substances.

关 键 词：单季稻 开花结实期 高温热害 长江流域 

分 类 号：S511.05[农业科学—作物学]