超声振动对玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6注塑制件力学性能的影响  

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on mechanical properties of injection⁃molded parts of glass⁃fiber⁃reinforced polyamide 6

作　　者：刘莹[1] 孙昊 杨勇 姜开宇[1] 于同敏[1] 马赛 祝铁丽[1] LIU Ying;SUN Hao;YANG Yong;JIANG Kaiyu;YU Tongmin;MA Sai;ZHU Tieli(State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing,School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院,高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《中国塑料》2024年第7期9-14,共6页China Plastics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3806203);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52205339、51575080)

摘　　要：为提高纤维增强复合材料的力学性能,对玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6(PA6/GF)复合材料进行了矩形平板制件超声辅助注射成型实验。通过对制件进行X射线衍射测试、扫描电子显微镜观测、傅里叶红外光谱分析以及拉伸性能测试,研究了超声施加时间和超声功率对制件的结晶度、玻璃纤维的取向程度、玻璃纤维与基体的结合强度以及制件力学性能的影响;并研究了经过超声振动的制件在吸水后其内部结晶度及力学性能的变化。结果表明,施加400 W超声振动,可以明显提高制件的结晶度;施加560 W超声时,玻璃纤维的取向形态得到改善,纤维与基体的结合强度有所提高,充填阶段施加超声所得制件的拉伸强度与弯曲强度比无超声振动的情形分别提高了11.9%与10.1%;但是如果继续增加超声功率,将会使制件的力学性能开始变差。制件吸水后,结晶度和力学性能下降,对制件的成型引入超声振动则能减小这种下降的幅度。To improve the mechanical properties of fiber⁃reinforced thermoplastic composites,ultrasonic assisted injection molding experiments were carried out for rectangular flat parts based on polyamide 6(PA6)reinforced by glass fiber(GF).Ultrasonic vibration was applied in the following two situations:(1)filling stage,(2)filling and packing stages.X⁃ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier⁃transform infrared spectroscopy,and tensile experiments were performed to investigate the effects of ultrasonic application time and ultrasonic power on the crystallinity and mechanical performance of the parts,the orientation degree of glass fibers,and the bonding strength between glass fibers and the matrix.The changes in the internal crystallinity and mechanical properties of the parts subjected to ultrasonic vibration after water absorption were also studied.The results indicated that crystallinity of the parts was significantly improved by applying ultrasonic vibration with a power of 400 W.When 560 W ultrasound was applied,both the orientation morphology of glass fiber and the bonding strength between the matrix and fibers were improved.Moreover,the tensile strength and bending strength of the parts molded by applying ultrasound during the filling stage were increased by 11.9%and 10.1%,respectively.However,the mechanical properties of the parts tended to drop with continuously increasing the ultrasonic power.After absorbing water,the parts showed a decrease in the crystallinity and mechanical properties.Such a reduction could be depressed by introducing ultrasonic vibration into the molding process of the parts.

关 键 词：超声振动 玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6 凝聚态结构 结晶度 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ323.6[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]