三门峡水库控制运用方式的优化探讨  

Discussion on Optimization of Control Operation Mode of Sanmenxia Reservoir

作　　者：郭彦[1,2,3] 侯素珍 杨飞[1,2,3] 王平 胡恬 赖瑞勋[1,2,3] GUO Yan;HOU Su-zhen;YANG Fei;WANG Ping;HU Tian;LAI Rui-xun(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Research Center of Yellow River Basin Conservation and Development,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]黄河水利委员会黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展研究中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2024年第7期202-206,39,共6页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405202);国家自然科学基金项目(51609094,U2243219,U2243218);黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金项目(黄科发202215);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2023-18,HKY-JBYW-2023-12);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(202300410546)。

摘　　要：三门峡水库“蓄清排浑”运用为多沙河流的治理提供了宝贵经验,随着来水来沙情况的变化及对水库功能需求和对水库泥沙冲淤规律认识的深化,该运行方式亦在实践中不断调整和完善。为此,针对不同的典型年份设定集中敞泄与分段敞泄的敞泄排沙方案,采用一维非恒定水沙数学模型,对选取的2018~2019年丰水少沙年和2014~2016年枯水少沙年设定12种控制运用方案进行模拟,比较各方案下库区冲淤变化的优劣,据此选取适合三门峡水库的控制运用方式。结果表明,2018~2019年分段敞泄方案的冲刷效果优于集中敞泄方案,即使在后汛期的控制水位抬高至310 m,也能达到较好的冲刷效果;2014~2016年分段敞泄方案虽优于集中敞泄方案,但其冲刷主要集中于2014年汛期,2015、2016年整体呈淤积状态,综合考虑建议枯水少沙年份水库采用“泥沙年际调节”运用模式。The operation mode of storing clear and releasing muddy in Sanmenxia Reservoir provides valuable experience for the management of sediment-laden river.With the change of incoming water and sediment conditions,the deepening of the understanding of reservoir function demand and the law of sediment erosion and deposition,the operation mode should be constantly adjusted and improved in practice.Therefore,according to different typical years,the open drain sediment schemes of centralized open discharge and segmented open discharge are set up.The one-dimensional water-sediment model is used to simulate 12 control schemes for the selected wet and less sediment years from 2018 to 2019 and dry and less sediment years from 2014 to 2016.The advantages and disadvantages of erosion and deposition changes in the reservoir area under each scheme are compared,and the control mode suitable for Sanmenxia Reservoir is selected accordingly.The results show that the scouring effect of the segmented open discharge scheme from 2018 to 2019 is better than that of the centralized open discharge scheme.Even if the control water level in the later flood season is raised to 310 m,the better scouring effect can be achieved.Although the segmented open discharge scheme from 2014 to 2016 is better than the centralized open discharge scheme,its erosion is mainly concentrated in the flood season of 2014,and the overall siltation state is in 2015 and 2016.Comprehensive consideration suggests that the reservoir should adopt the operation mode of sediment interannual regulation in dry and less sediment years.

关 键 词：一维水沙模型 控制运用方式 敞泄排沙 冲淤变化 三门峡水库 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]