五种药用植物对西花蓟马成虫选择行为的影响  

Effects of five medicinal plants on the selection behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)adults

作　　者：高黎明 张政兵[3] 吕平源 付威 李凯龙 陈建斌[2] 高阳[2] 刘勇[2] 史晓斌 张德咏[1,2] GAO Li-Ming;ZHANG Zheng-Bing;L Ping-Yuan;FU Wei;LI Kai-Long;CHEN Jian-Bin;GAO Yang;LIU Yong;SHI Xiao-Bin;ZHANG De-Yong(Longping Branch,College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China;Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Yongzhou City,Hunan Province,Yongzhou 425000,China;Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Yueyang County,Hunan Province,Yueyang 414000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学生物学院隆平分院,长沙410125 [2]湖南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,长沙410125 [3]湖南省植保植检站,长沙410125 [4]湖南省永州市植保植检站,永州425000 [5]湖南省岳阳县植保植检站,岳阳414000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第6期778-787,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：大宗蔬菜产业体系项目(CARS-23-D-02);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1401200);湖南省青年人才项目(2022RC1149);国家自然科学基金项目(32030088,32272535);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2023JJ30356)。

摘　　要：【目的】验证药用植物及其挥发物成分对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis成虫选择行为干预的可行性,为农业害虫防治提供解决方案。【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪测定西花蓟马成虫对3种蔬菜植物(番茄Solanum lycopersicum、黄瓜Cucumis sativus和辣椒Capsicum annuum)和5种药用植物(薄荷Mentha piperita、紫苏Perilla frutescens、荆芥Nepeta cataria、益母草Leonurus cardiaca和藿香Ageratum conyzoides)的选择率;通过气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)鉴定5种药用植物叶片中共有挥发物成分;使用Y型嗅觉仪检测西花蓟马成虫对0.01, 0.1, 1, 10和100μL/mL β-石竹烯的选择率。【结果】在选择行为试验中,西花蓟马成虫对5种药用植物均表现出忌避行为,其中对紫苏和藿香的忌避行为较为显著(选择率分别为24.45%和24.53%)。GC-MS鉴定出5种药用植物叶片中挥发物共有成分为β-石竹烯和2, 2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基对甲酚)。西花蓟马成虫对0.01μL/mL β-石竹烯无明显行为反应,对0.1~100μL/mL β-石竹烯表现出明显的忌避行为,并且高浓度(10~100μL/mL)β-石竹烯对西花蓟马成虫的驱避率可达到约85%。【结论】测试的5种药用植物对西花蓟马成虫表现出较为显著的驱避效果,该结果为了解西花蓟马对非寄主植物的选择性提供理论依据;β-石竹烯是5种药用植物叶片中的共有挥发物成分,可作为驱避剂或植物源农药用于西花蓟马的农业治理。【Aim】To verify the feasibility of medicinal plants and their volatile components in the intervention of the selection behavior of adults of the western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis,and to provide solutions for agricultural pest control.【Methods】The Y-type olfactometer was used to determine the selection rates of F.occidentalis adults to three vegetable plants(Solanum lycopersicum,Cucumis sativus and Capsicum annuum),and five medicinal plants(Mentha piperita,Perilla frutescens,Nepeta cataria,Leonurus cardiaca and Ageratum conyzoides).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to identify the common volatile components in the leaves of the five medicinal plants.A Y-type olfactometer was used to detect the selection rates of F.occidentalis adults to 0.01,0.1,1,10 and 100μL/mLβ-caryophyllene.【Results】In the selection behavior test,F.occidentalis adults showed avoidance behavior to all the five medicinal plants,especially showed significant avoidance behavior to P.frutescens and A.conyzoides,with the selection rates of 24.45%and 24.53%,respectively.The common volatile components in the leaves of the five medicinal plants identified by using GC-MS wereβ-caryophyllene and 2,2′-methylene bis(6-tert-butyl p-cresol).F.occidentalis adults showed no obvious behavioral response to 0.01μL/mLβ-caryophyllene,and showed obvious avoidance behavior to 0.1-100μL/mLβ-caryophyllene.The repellent rates ofβ-caryophyllene at high concentrations(10-100μL/mL)could reach about 85%against F.occidentalis adults.【Conclusion】The tested five medicinal plants showed a significant repellent effect on F.occidentalis adults,which provides a theoretical basis for understanding the selectivity of F.occidentalis to non-host plants.β-Caryophyllene,a common volatile component in the leaves of the five medicinal plants,can be used as a repellent and botanical pesticide for agricultural control of F.occidentalis.

关 键 词：西花蓟马 药用植物 选择行为 挥发物成分 β-石竹烯 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]