中药石斛研究的回顾与展望  

Review and Prospect of Research on Chinese Medicinal Herbs of Dendrobium

作　　者：顺庆生[1] 魏刚[2,3] 何祥林 SHUN Qing-sheng;WEI Gang;HE Xiang-in(Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences,Shanghai 200237,China;School of Pharmacentical Sciences,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006,China;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,Beijing 100700,China;Anhui Huoshan Changchong Chinese Herbal Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Huoshan 237200,China)

机构地区：[1]上海健康医学院,上海200237 [2]广州中医药大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [3]道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [4]安徽省霍山县长冲中药材有限责任公司,安徽霍山237200

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2024年第7期1111-1118,共8页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：中药石斛基原复杂,其主流品种有霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng、铁皮石斛D.officinale Kimura et Migo、金钗石斛D.nobile Lindl.,《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)2005年版石斛项下增加了“及其近似种”的描述,难以确定具体物种,有必要对其进一步正本清源。对石斛属的起源进行本草考证,对霍山石斛、铁皮石斛、金钗石斛的本草起源进行梳理,为不同石斛属药材的应用提供参考。霍山石斛是最早作为中药石斛应用的品种,高效液相色谱法特征图谱等方法为《中国药典》2020年版收录霍山石斛提供了技术支撑;铁皮石斛应为石斛药材中应用时间最久、范围最广的品种,其主要为浙江、云南、贵州,以及广东、广西、福建、江西等地丹霞地貌上生长的种群,应高度重视并对其进行保护;D.nobile在历代文献中的中文名称混乱,应明确将其作为金钗石斛的拉丁学名。枫斗是我国名贵中药和传统保健品,起源于霍山石斛。古代名医对霍山石斛、铁皮石斛、金钗石斛、川石斛的用法各有特色,建议厘清品种来源、功效,加强现代研究,在修订《中国药典》时将其各自单列,充分发挥中药石斛的临床价值。The Chinese herbal medicine Dendrobii Caulis is produced from several medicinal plants of Dendrobium,including Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng,D.officinale Kimura et Migo,and D.nobile Lindl.However,the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition)added the description of production from similar species of Dendrobium,which makes it difficult to identify the specific species.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the source plants of this medicine.We conducted the textual research on Dendrobii Caulis and summarized the origins of D.huoshanense,D.officinale,and D.nobile,aiming to provide reference for the application of different herbs of Dendrobium.D.huoshanense was the first species recorded with medicinal use.Methods such as HPLC provide a technical support for the inclusion of D.huoshanense in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).D.officinale may be the longest and the most widely used species in practice,with the provenances in Zhejiang,Yunnan,Guizhou,and the areas with Danxia landforms in Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,and Jiangxi,which necessitates increasing attention and protection.There were several Chinese synonyms of D.nobile in the ancient records,and thus the description of D.nobile should be supplemented with the Latin name.Fengdou(processed caulis)originated from D.huoshanense is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine and ancient healthcare product in China.Ancient famous physicians used D.huoshanense,D.officinale,and D.nobile for different purposes based on medicinal properties.We suggest that efforts should be made to clarify the provenances and medicinal properties,strengthen the modern research,and include the plant species separately in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,so as to give full play to the clinical value of the medicinal plants of Dendrobium.

关 键 词：霍山石斛 铁皮石斛 金钗石斛 种源 《中国药典》 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]