我国刑法死刑适用标准的体系解释——兼与冯军教授商榷  

Systematic interpretation of the applicable standard of death penalty of The Criminal Law:Deliberating with Professor Feng Jun

作　　者：陆诗忠[1] LU Shizhong(School of Law,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期69-78,共10页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

摘　　要：“死刑适用标准”的把握依赖于对罪行极其严重的“罪行”、罪行极其严重的“极其严重”、“必须立即执行”与“不是必须立即执行”等问题的正确理解。而冯军教授针对上述问题的阐释有悖于刑法教义学所倡导的体系解释。从体系解释出发,“罪行”应仅仅指行为的客观危害,而不应包括行为人的主观恶性;“极其严重”应指犯罪性质特别严重的犯罪行为造成了极其严重的结果(后果);“必须立即执行”应包括两种情形:一是犯罪分子所犯罪行符合“极其严重”的基本标准,且具有从重处罚量刑情节,或者犯罪人的主观恶性明显严重;二是犯罪分子所犯罪行已经超过“极其严重”的基本标准,且不具备从宽处罚量刑情节,或者犯罪人的主观恶性并非明显较轻。“不是必须立即执行”应包括三种情形:一是犯罪分子所犯罪行刚刚达到“极其严重”的基本标准;二是犯罪分子主观恶性明显较轻;三是犯罪分子具有法定应当从宽处罚的量刑情节或者具有特定范围的酌定从宽处罚量刑情节。The correct mastery of"the standard for the application of death penalty"depends on the correct understanding of the following problems:"crime"of the extremely serious,"the extremely serious"among the extremely serious crimes,"crimes that must be executed immediately"and"crimes that shall not be executed immediately."And Professor Feng Jun’s explanations of the above problems contradict the systematic explanation advocated by the doctrine of criminal law.Starting from the system interpretation,"crime"should only refer to the objective harm of the behavior,but should not include the subjective evil of the perpetrator;"The extremely serious"shall mean that a criminal act of a particularly serious nature has resulted in extremely serious results(consequences);"Crimes that must be executed immediately"should include two situations:first,the criminal's crime meets the basic standard of"the extremely serious",and there are heavier punishing circumstances,or the criminal's subjective malignancy is obviously serious;Second,the crime committed by the criminal has exceeded the basic standard of"the extremely serious",and there is no lenient punishment and sentencing circumstances,or the subjective malignancy of the criminal is not obviously light."Crimes that shall not be executed immediately"should include three situations:first,the crime committed by the criminal has just reached the basic standard of"the extremely serious";Second,the subjective malignancy of criminals is obviously light;Third,the criminal has the legal circumstances of statutory leniency or the legal circumstances of discretionary leniency in a specific range.

关 键 词：死刑适用标准 体系性解释 刑法教义学 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]