外资利用结构转型与本土制造业自动化  

Structural Transformation in Foreign Investment and Domestic Manufacturing Automation

作　　者：袁博 孙鹏博 YUAN BO;SUN Pengbo

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院 [2]南开大学经济与社会发展研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第6期56-72,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“提高京津冀中心城市和城市群综合承载及资源优化配置能力研究”(202DA041)。

摘　　要：积极吸收和推动高技术外资流向制造业领域,是促进制造业转型升级、建设现代化产业体系,实现中国式现代化发展的重要手段。本文在测算中国城市层面的制造业外资利用结构高技术化和制造业企业的自动化生产水平的基础上,使用Bartik工具变量识别了高技术制造业外资流入对中国制造业企业自动化升级的影响。研究发现,制造业外资技术化升级能够有效推动本土制造业采用工业机器人进行自动化生产。作用机制方面,高技术制造业外资进入所带来的示范效应、竞争效应和专业化分工效应是实现本土制造业加速自动化转型的作用机制。异质性分析表明,高技术制造业外资对吸收能力强、民营性质企业的自动化具有更强的促进作用,并在南方地区、沿海省份和五大城市群内部更为明显。本文验证了外资利用升级的必要性,为如何利用外资助力实现国内国际双循环以及中国式现代化要求下制造强国建设提供了有益启示。Promoting the inflow of high-tech foreign capital to the manufacturing sector is an important means to promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,build a modern industrial system,and realize the development of Chinese path to modernization.On the basis of calculating the high-tech utilization structure of manufacturing foreign investment in China's urban level and the automation production level of manufacturing enterprises,this article uses the Bartik tool variable to identify the impact of high-tech manufacturing foreign investment inflows on the automation upgrading of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.We find that the technological upgrading of foreign investment in manufacturing can effectively promote the adoption of enterprise automation upgrading in local manufacturing industries.The demonstration,competition,and specialization effects are three working channels.Heterogeneity analysis shows that foreign investment in hightech manufacturing has a stronger promoting effect on the automation of private enterprises with strong absorption capacity,and is more pronounced in southern regions,coastal provinces,and inside of the five major urban clusters.This article verifies the necessity of upgrading the structure of FDI and provides useful insights on how to use foreign investment to achieve the goal of realizing domestic and international dual circulation,also constructing a manufacturing powerhouse under the requirements of Chinese style modernization.

关 键 词：外资利用结构 高技术外资 制造业 自动化 

分 类 号：F424.3[经济管理—产业经济]