自由贸易协定、中国进口与发展中国家的就业——来自“中国——智利自由贸易协定”的证据  

Free Trade Agreements,Chinese Imports and Employment in Developing Countries-Evidence from China-Chile Free Trade Agreement

作　　者：魏浩[1] 封起扬帆 WEI Hao;FENG Qiyangfan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第6期140-157,共18页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“积极扩大进口对加快构建新发展格局的影响与对策研究”(23ZDA050)。

摘　　要：扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络是国家推进高水平对外开放的重要举措。本文以“中国—智利自由贸易协定”为例,利用智利企业层面的数据,系统研究了与中国签订自由贸易协定对发展中国家企业就业的影响。研究结果表明:“中国—智利自由贸易协定”实施引致的中国进口扩张显著提高了智利企业的就业规模;中国进口扩张通过生产规模效应、制度成本效应以及产业链效应等机制显著提高了智利企业的就业规模,通过非贸易制度成本下降机制、产业链效应机制显著促进了智利内销主导型企业就业规模的上升;中国进口扩张不仅提高了智利国内技能劳动就业,还提高了企业女性就业的比重;“中国—智利自由贸易协定”引致的中国非关税贸易壁垒下降也显著提升了智利出口主导型企业的就业规模;当同时考虑中国出口和进口扩张的影响时,“中国—智利自由贸易协定”对智利企业就业也具有显著的促进作用。本文认为,进一步扩大我国的自由贸易区网络有利于带动全球就业,发展中国家积极主动参与中国自由贸易协定是理性的战略选择。Expanding the global network of high standard free trade zones is an important measure for countries to promote high-level opening-up to the outside world.This article takes the China-Chile Free Trade Agreement(FTA)as an example and uses data from Chilean enterprises to systematically study the impact of signing a FTA with China on the employment of developing country enterprises.The research results indicate that the implementation of the China-Chile FTA has significantly increased the employment scale of Chilean enterprises due to China's import expansion;China's import expansion has significantly promoted the increase in employment scale of Chilean export-oriented enterprises through the production scale effect mechanism and the reduction of trade system cost mechanism.It has also significantly promoted the increase in employment scale of Chilean domestic sales-oriented enterprises through the non trade system cost reduction mechanism and the industrial chain effect mechanism;China's import expansion has not only increased the employment of skilled labor in Chile,but also increased the proportion of women employed in enterprises.The reduction of non-tariff trade barriers caused by the China-Chile FTA has significantly increased the employment scale of Chilean export-oriented enterprises.When considering the impact of both China's export and import expansion,the China-Chile FTA also has a significant promoting effect on the employment of Chilean enterprises.This article believes that expanding China's FTA network is conducive to the global employment,and it is a rational strategic choice for developing countries to actively strengthen cooperation with China.

关 键 词：自由贸易协定 中国进口 企业就业 非关税贸易壁垒 贸易制度成本 

分 类 号：F752.61[经济管理—国际贸易]