外泌体及其在病毒感染下的双重作用  

Exosomes and their dual role under viral infection

作　　者：韦芊芊 陈利民[1] 李玉佳[1] 李世林[1] WEI Qianqian;CHEN Limin;LI Yujia;LI Shilin(Institute of Blood Transfusion,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Chengdu 610052,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院输血研究所,四川成都610052

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2024年第7期831-838,共8页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：外泌体是1种由细胞内释放到细胞外微环境的胞外体,是1种远距离传输生物学信息的载体,可对机体免疫系统产生双重调节作用,研究表明病毒可以挟持内体——外泌体途径进行传播。本文我们回顾了外泌体在病毒感染时发挥的作用,一方面外泌体可以传播抗病毒物质和引发免疫反应,对抗病毒的感染,另一方面外泌体可以作为传播病毒的潜在介质,已经被证明与多种病毒的传播和免疫逃逸息息相关。了解外泌体在病毒感染中的作用,对于检测血液中的病毒,提高血液安全性,以及寻找和研发抗病毒的药物至关重要。Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from the cell into the extracellular microenvironment,and are a carrier of biological information transmitted over long distances,which have a dual regulatory effect on the immune system.Studies have shown that viruses can hold the endosomal-exosomal pathway hostage to spread.This review describes the role played by exosomes in viral infections.On the one hand,exosomes can transmit antiviral substances and trigger immune responses against viral infections,and on the other hand,exosomes can serve as potential mediators of viral transmission,which have been shown to be closely related to the transmission and immune escape of a variety of viruses.Understanding the role of exosomes in viral infections is essential for the detection of viruses in the blood,for improving blood safety,and for the search and development of antiviral drugs.

关 键 词：外泌体 病毒 ESCRT 自噬 免疫 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学] S432.41[医药卫生—临床医学]