面向高标准农田建设的农地制度创新:小农户视角  

Innovations in Agricultural Land System Oriented to the High-standard Farmland Construction:Smallholder Perspectives

作　　者：王海娟 WANG Haijuan

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学公共管理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期89-98,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：在农业强国战略背景下,高标准农田建设在农业农村现代化中发挥关键支撑作用。相对于工程管理问题,农地制度创新在高标准农田建设中尚未被充分重视。已有关于农地制度的研究主要关注稳定土地承包权和流转土地经营权的关系,而对高标准农田建设与农地制度改革的关系研究不足。在广大中西部村庄,小农户仍然是农业经营的主体,需要高标准农田建设项目支持,融入现代农业发展体系。从小农户的视角出发,面向高标准农田建设的农地制度创新要解决两个问题:一是地块整合问题,要避免工程导向的项目建设造成农田耕作的不便;二是土地经营权配置问题,要避免大户导向的项目建设造成小农户被制度性排斥。基于田野调查,克服两种困境的办法是在保持土地承包权不变的基础上,由村集体整合地块,形成按户连片经营,不仅能充分释放高标准农田建设促进农业发展的经济效应,而且有利于保障农村社会稳定。Within the framework of the strategy for a robust agricultural nation,high-standard farmland construction initiatives are instrumental in underpinning the modernization of agriculture and rural spaces.However,the innovation of the agricultural land system has not received adequate attention compared to the focus on project management issues.Scholarly inquiries into the farmland system have predominantly centered on the interplay between securing land contracting rights and the transfer of land management rights,with insufficient exploration of the relationship between high-standard farmland construction projects and the reform of the farmland system.In the extensive rural regions of central and western China,small-scale farmers remain the predominant entities in agricultural enterprise,and their integration into the sphere of modern agricultural development necessitates the support of high-standard farmland construction projects.Adopting the perspective of small farmers,the innovation of an agricultural land system geared towards high-standard farmland construction must address two pivotal issues:Firstly,the challenge of land parcel amalgamation to circumvent the inconvenience of farmland cultivation exacerbated by project construction that is engineering-centric.Secondly,the issue of land allocation to prevent the systemic marginalization of small farmers in projects that favor larger agricultural operations.Grounded in field research,the proposed strategy to resolve the dilemmas inherent in the dual aspects of the farmland system involves the consolidation of land parcels by village collectives while preserving the unchanged contractual rights of the land.This approach facilitates contiguous operation by individual households,thereby not only maximizing the economic impact of high-standard farmland construction to catalyze agricultural development but also contributing to the stability and resilience of rural society.

关 键 词：高标准农田建设 农地制度创新 地块整合 小农户 农业强国 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]