1961至2020年某市职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological traits of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao between 1961 and 2020

作　　者：吴梅富 李守斌[2] 马有陆 孙志谦 刘红梅 陈刚 Wu Meifu;Li Shoubin;Ma Youlu;Sun Zhiqian;Liu Hongmei;Chen Gang(School of Public Health,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;Occupational Health Department,Qinhuangdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qinhuangdao 066001,China;The Ministry of Emergency Management,Beidaihe Rehabilitation Hospital,Qinhuangdao 066100,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学公共卫生学院,唐山063210 [2]秦皇岛市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,秦皇岛066001 [3]应急管理部北戴河康复院,秦皇岛066100

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第6期453-456,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国煤矿尘肺病防治基金会资助科研项目(201901J025)。

摘　　要：目的:分析1961至2020年秦皇岛市职业性尘肺病的发病情况,为制定职业性尘肺病防治措施提供依据。方法:于2020年12月,收集1961至2020年由具备职业病诊断资质医疗机构诊断的秦皇岛市职业性尘肺病病例资料,连续性变量和分类变量的组间比较分别用方差分析或Kruskal-wallis tests和χ^(2)检验,多重比较用LSD检验或Tambane T2检验。结果:1961至2020年秦皇岛市共报告384例尘肺病患者,其中男性382例(99.5%),女性2例(0.5%);患者中位接尘工龄为15(9,25)年,最低接尘工龄为0.5年,最高接尘工龄为49年;尘肺病类型以矽肺(340例,88.5%)为主,尘肺病壹期273例(71.1%)、尘肺病贰期88例(22.9%)、尘肺病叁期23例(6.0%);患者主要分布在青龙满族自治县(187例,48.7%)和海港区(160例,41.7%);工种以凿岩工(166例,43.2%)和装出窑工(42例,10.9%)为主;贰期、叁期、以及接尘工龄较短的病例主要集中在中型、小型、私营有限责任公司和集体企业。结论:秦皇岛市尘肺病病例分布集中,接尘工龄缩短,应根据当地矿产资源开发情况加强对重点地区、企业、行业、和工种的监管。Objective To study the prevalence of occupational pneumoconiosis in Qinhuangdao from 1961 to 2020 and offer a foundation for developing occupational pneumoconiosis prevention and control methods.Methods In December 2020,the data of occupational pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed by medical institutions with occupational disease diagnosis qualifications in Qinhuangdao City from 1961 to 2020 were collected Anova or kruskal-Walls tests and chi-square tests were used for inter-group comparisons of continuous and categorical variables,and LSD tests or Tamhane T2 tests were used for multiple comparisons.Results Between 1961 and 2020,384 cases of pneumoconiosis were documented in Qinhuangdao,of which 382(99.5%)patients were men and 2(0.5%)were women.The average dust service duration is 15(9,25)years,with a minimum duration of 0.5 years and a maximum duration of 49 years;Cases were primarily distributed in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County(187 cases,48.7%)and the Haigang district(160 cases,41.7%);Type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis(340 cases,88.5%),mainly 273 cases(71.1%)of stage I,88 cases(22.9%)of stage II,and 23 cases(6.0%of stage III);Cases of Phase II and III and with short lengths of service are mainly concentrated in medium-sized,small,private limited liability companies and collective enterprises.Rrock work(166 cases,43.2%),and loading kiln workers(42 cases,10.9%)were the main types.Conclusion Because the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases in Qinhuangdao city is concentrated and the length of service is decreasing,it is important to enhance the oversight of important area,businesses,industries,and job categories in line with the growth of the region's mineral resources.

关 键 词：尘肺病 职业病 发病率模式 时间趋势 流行病学 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R181.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]