论早期匈奴的地望与文化  

On the Geography and Culture of the Early Xiongnu

作　　者：梁云[1] 苗钊瑞 Liang Yun;Miao Zhaorui

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《文博》2024年第3期34-46,共13页

摘　　要：战国至汉代匈奴的历史大致可分为早、中、晚期三大阶段。早期指战国至西汉早期,此时匈奴的统治中心应在漠南,即河套及大青山一带。近年在蒙古国境内发现的“燕然山铭”,不足以构成此观点的反证。内蒙古中南部东周至秦代的牧业文化自东向西有毛庆沟类型、西园类型、桃红巴拉类型,只有桃红巴拉类型与中晚期匈奴墓反映出的匈奴族固有传统特征最吻合,应是早期匈奴的文化。毛庆沟、西园类型则分别是楼烦、林胡遗存。三者在生业方式、社会分化、对外交往等方面存在明显差异。匈奴崛起于漠南,有其必然性。History of the Xiongnu from the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into three main developmental stages:early,middle,and late.The early period refers to the Warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty.According to historical records and previous research,the early Xiongnu's ruling center was likely in the region south of the Gobi Desert,specifically the Hetao and Daqingshan areas.The recent discovery of the"Yanranshan Inscription"in Mongolia is insufficient to refute this view.In south-central Inner Mongolia,pastoral cultures from the Eastern Zhou to the Qin Dynasty can be categorized into the Maoqinggou type,Xiyuan type,and Taohongbala type,situated from east to west.Only the Taohongbala type aligns most closely with the inherent traditional characteristics of the Xiongnu as reflected in middle and late Xiongnu tombs.This might indicate that the Taohongbala type represents the early Xiongnu culture.The Maoqinggou and Xiyuan types correspond to the remnants of the Loufan and Linhu peoples,respectively.There are significant differences among these three cultures in terms of subsistence strategies,social differentiation,and external interactions.The rise of the Xiongnu in the region south of the Gobi Desert seemed inevitable.

关 键 词：早期匈奴 地望 漠南 桃红巴拉类型 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] K28[历史地理—中国史] G127[文化科学] K878.8