“凫”与“鸿”:悬泉置汉简猎杀候鸟记录  

"Fu(Ducks)"and"Hong(Geese)":Records of Hunting and Killing Migratory Birds on Han Bamboo Slips from Xuanquan Posthouse

作　　者：王子今 Wang Zijin

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《文博》2024年第3期91-98,共8页

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金后期资助项目重点项目“汉代丝绸之路生态史”(项目编号:21FZSA005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：丝绸之路交通以必要的生态环境背景为基本条件。这样的条件,包括自然地貌、气候、水资源、野生动物分布以及植被状况等。丝绸之路河西路段的生态环境条件对于汉王朝的西北边地建设,对于汉与西域的联系,形成重要的历史文化因素。新近面世的悬泉置出土汉简资料中提示的重要信息,为增进相关认识显现出积极的意义。例如,简文可见有关“盆”“鸿”价格的记录,应当理解为所猎杀候鸟“凫”“鸿”的市场交易资料。说明在河西水泽环境下候鸟迁徙途中的停留,被当地军民看作可以作为饮食消费对象的野生动物资源。汉武帝“巡于北边,见群鹤留止”故事,可以作为认识相关历史现象的参考。悬泉置汉简反映的当时被猎杀“凫”“鸿”进入市场的相关信息,具有珍贵的生态环境史料的价值。丝绸之路生态史与丝绸之路交通史等学术主题的研究者,应当予以重视。涉及“凫”“鸿”的悬泉置简文,也为认识当时“天鹅属”“雁属”“黑雁属”禽鸟的地理分布,提供了新的动物学信息。The transportation along the Silk Roads relied fundamentally on necessary ecological conditions.Such conditions include natural landforms,climate,water resources,wildlife distribution,and vegetation.The ecological environment of the Hexi Corridor section of the Silk Roads was crucial for the construction of the northwestern frontier of the Han Dynasty and for the connections between the Han Dynasty and the Xiyu Western Regions,forming significant historical and cultural factors.The newly discovered Han bamboo slips from the Xuanquan posthouse provide important information that enhances our understanding of these aspects.For example,records of prices for"pen(basins)"and"hong(geese)"should be understood as data of market transactions of hunted migratory birds such as"fu(ducks)"and"hong(geese)".This indicates that migratory birds,which stopped in the wetlands of the Hexi Corridor during their migration,were considered a valuable food resource by the local military and civilian population.The story of Emperor Wu of Han"touring the northern frontier and seeing a flock of cranes resting"can be referenced to understand related historical phenomena.The information about hunted"fu(ducks)"and"hong(geese)"entering the market,reflected in the Han bamboo slips from Xuanquan,provides precious ecological historical data.Researchers studying the ecological history and transportation history of the Silk Roads should pay more attention to this.The bamboo slips mentioning"fu(ducks)"and"hong(geese)"also offer new zoological information about the geographical distribution of birds such as"swans","wild geese",and"black geese"at that time.

关 键 词：悬泉置 汉简 凫 鸿 生态环境 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学] Q958[生物学—动物学]