高疫苗覆盖率背景下烟台市百日咳流行特征及社区人群抗体水平调查  

Survey on epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and antibody level among community-based population in Yantai city under the background of high vaccine coverage

作　　者：孙源[1] 李波[1] 陈鹏[1] 张馨心 李娜[1] 朱董楠 SUN Yuan;LI Bo;CHEN Peng;ZHANG Xin-xin;LI Na;ZHU Dong-nan(Department of Planned Immunization,Yantai City Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shandong264003,China;Department of Microbiology,Yantai City Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防科,山东264003 [2]烟台市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第4期241-245,共5页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：山东省烟台市科技创新发展计划项目(2023YD073);山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2018WS040)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2007-2022年烟台市百日咳流行病学特征及社区人群百日咳血清抗体水平,为预防控制百日咳传播提供参考。方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中烟台市百日咳报告病例数据统计学分析。按容量比例概率抽样方法抽取社区人群,采用ELISA方法检测百日咳毒素IgG抗体(PT-IgG)水平,比较不同年龄抗体水平分布。结果 2007-2022年烟台市共报告百日咳病例517例,年均报告发病率为0.50/10万。病例年龄占比逐渐向15岁以上大年龄组移位,2016-2019年、2020-2022年≥15岁病例占比分别为35.50%、21.59%;2022年百日咳报告病例数前3位的区市为芝罘区、蓬莱区、莱山区,占全市总报告病例数的87.32%。592份健康人群血标本PT-IgG抗体阳性率为3.21%(≥100 IU/mL),抗体浓度平均值为13.65 IU/mL,整体表现为随年龄增加而递减。15岁以上人群1年内百日咳感染率(≥40 IU/mL)为5.01%,随年龄增长递增。结论 烟台市近年来百日咳发病率有明显上升趋势,且百日咳实际发病率可能被严重低估,百日咳监测敏感性仍有待提高。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and antibody level in community-based population in Yantai city from 2007to 2022,so as to provide basis for formulating pertussis prevention and control strategy.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze reported cases in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The community population was sampled by volume proportional probability sampling method.Serum IgG antibody against pertussis toxin(PT-IgG)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELSA),and the distribution of antibody levels at different ages was compared.Results A total of 517cases of pertussis were reported,with an average annual reported incidence of 0.50/105.The age proportion of cases gradually shifted towards the older age group of 15years and above,with 35.50%and 21.59%of cases≥15years in 2016to 2019and 2020 to 2022,respectively.In 2022,the top 3districts with the highest number of reported cases were Zhifu district,Penglai district,and Laishan district,accounting for 87.32%of the total reported cases.The positive rate of PT-IgG antibodies of 592 healthy individuals was 3.21%(≥100IU/mL).The average concentration of antibodies was 13.65IU/mL,and it decreased as age increases.The annual incidence of pertussis infection in individuals aged 15years and above(≥40IU/mL)was 5.01%,and it increased with age.Conclusion The incidence of pertussis in Yantai city has shown a significant upward trend in recent years.Data from monitoring points and serological investigations suggest that the actual incidence of pertussis may be severely underestimated,and the sensitivity of pertussis monitoring still needs to be improved.

关 键 词：百日咳 流行病学特征 抗体水平 社区人群 接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.62[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]