2018-2022年济南市产妇乙肝表面抗原检测及新生儿首针乙肝疫苗接种情况分析  

Analysis on detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in hospitalized pregnant women and timely vaccination with the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine in Jinan city from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：邹丽萍 贺玉静 郭丽 刘晓雪[1] 孙红云 李传彬[1] ZOU Li-ping;HE Yu-jing;GUO Li;LIU Xiao-xue;SUN Hong-yun;LI Chuan-bin(Immunoprophylaxis Department,Jinan City Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Jinan,Shandong250021,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,山东济南250021

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第4期251-254,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：中国肝炎防治基金会中国乙肝防控科研基金(YGFK20200041)。

摘　　要：目的 了解2018-2022年济南市住院分娩产妇乙型肝炎(乙肝)表面抗原(HBsAg)检测及乙肝病毒(HBV)母婴传播阻断实施情况,为完善母婴乙肝预防控制对策提供参考依据。方法 使用Excel和SPSS 25.0软件,分析2018-2022年济南市住院分娩产妇HBV感染及新生儿首针乙肝疫苗(HepB1)及时接种情况,计算分娩产妇HBsAg检测率、HBsAg阳性率等,计算新生儿HepB1及时接种率等。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果 2018-2022年济南市住院分娩产妇HBsAg检测率97.45%~100%、平均99.21%,呈逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)=6 296.37,P<0.001);HBsAg阳性率2.52%~3.11%、平均2.84%,呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)=34.12,P<0.001);HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性占比49.26%~52.37%、平均50.55%,各年份间差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.37,P>0.05)。2018-2022年新生儿HepB1及时接种率为93.18%~94.73%、平均94.37%,母亲HBsAg阳性新生儿HepB1、乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)同时注射率90.67~99.29%、平均96.15%,呈逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)=34.13,P<0.001)。结论 济南市乙肝母婴传播的风险仍然存在,产妇血清学检测、新生儿HepB1及时接种情况仍需持续监测和提高。Objective To understand the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and the implementation of blocking mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)among hospitalized parturients in Jinan city from 2018 to 2022,so as to provide reference for improving the prevention and control of hepatitis B in newborns.Methods Excel and SPSS software were used to analyze HBV infection in hospitalized parteriums and timely vaccination of neonatal HBV vaccine(HepB1)during 2018to 2022in Jinan city.The HBsAg detection rate and HBsAg positivity rate of postpartum women,the timely vaccination rate of HepB1in newborns were calculated.The rates were compared byχ^(2) test.Results The HBsAg detection rate of hospitalized delivery women in Jinan city from 2018to 2022was 97.45%to 100%,with an average of 99.21%,showing an increasing trend year by year(χ^(2)=6296.37,P<0.001).The HBsAg positive rate was 2.52%to 3.11%,and the average was 2.84%,which showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ^(2)=34.12,P<0.001).The proportion of HBsAg and HBeAg double positive was 49.26%-52.37%,and the average was 50.55%,with no significant difference between different years(χ^(2)=7.37,P>0.05).The timely vaccination rate of neonatal HepB1 from 2018to 2022ranged from 93.18%to 94.73%,and the average was 94.37%,the simultaneous injection rates of HepB1and HBIG in neonates with HBsAg positive mothers ranged from 90.67to 99.29%,and the average was 96.15%,which showed an increasing trend year by year(χ^(2)=34.13,P<0.001).Conclusion The risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B still exists in Jinan city,maternal serological testing and neonatal HepB1vaccination still need to be continuously monitored and improved.

关 键 词：产妇 新生儿 乙肝表面抗原 乙肝疫苗 及时接种率 免疫球蛋白 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学] R186.3[医药卫生—临床医学]