西域占卜术东传与北齐西胡化问题  

The eastward transmission of the divination techniques from the Western Regions and the issue of Barbarianisation of the Northern Qi Dynasty

作　　者：谢振华 Xie Zhenhua

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2024年第2期33-43,170,共12页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“地名移动视域下的北朝民族融合研究”(项目编号:22CZS013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北魏分裂后,每逢东、西交战,邺下先行“黄黑蚁阵斗”以占胜负。黄蚁代表东魏,黑蚁代表西魏,双方展开阵斗,存活方预示胜利。这是源自西域的占卜术,龟兹、拔汗那等国皆盛行以元日斗戏占验当年丰歉,原理与邺下相同。西域占卜术的东传,隐含着西胡东迁的历史。5世纪末,嚈哒吞灭西域诸国,掀起了西胡内附的高潮;东魏建立后,高欢迁都邺城及招徕河陇边民,再次掀起西胡东迁的浪潮。东魏在晋阳侨置凉州抚慰新民,酋帅与魏末官僚化的商胡被吸纳进政权。多股西胡汇聚邺城,形成了内聚力强的胡人聚落,造就其文化优势,深刻影响了河北风俗。邺下占卜术与太原旧俗,既反映出底层社会的西胡化特征,又折射出北齐西胡化勃兴于东魏且有连续性,是衡量北齐西胡化程度的重要标尺。After the division of the Northern Wei,whenever there was a war between the western and the eastern divisions,a fight between a group of yellow ants and that of black ants would be held in Yexia(邺下) beforehand to predict the outcome of the conflict.The yellow ants represented the Eastern Wei,while the black ants stood for the Western Wei.The group that survived in the fight between the two heralded the military victory of the side it symbolised.This is a divination technique originated in the Western Regions.In kingdoms such as Kucha and Dayuan,fighting on the first day of the new year to predict the harvest of the following year had been a popular tradition,and was based on the same principle as the ant fight in Yexia.The eastward spread of the divination techniques from the Western Regions implied the event of eastward migration of the western Hu(胡) people.By the end of 5^(th) century CE.,the annexation of various kingdoms in the Western Regions by the Hephthalites led to the height of migrations of the western Hu people towards the hinterland.Following the establishment of the Eastern Wei,Gao Huan(高欢) moved the capital to Yecheug(邺城) and welcomed the populations from the borderland of He-Long(河陇) region.This again prompted waves of eastward migrations of the western Hu.The Eastern Wei court established Liangzhou(凉州) as the migrated province to support new immigrants,while the leaders of chiefdoms and the merchant Hu that had been bureaucratised at the end of the Wei Dynasty were also integrated into the polity.Multiple groups of Hu people coalesced in Yecheng,creating a Hu settlement that was highly cohesive and culturally distinguished.This in turn profoundly influenced the traditions in Hebei region.The practice of divination in Yexia and the old customs in Taiyuan(太原)not only reflected the feature of barbarianisation of the lower classes,but also the fact that the barbarianisation was a continuous process and more influential in the Northern Qi than the Eastern Wei regime.It is an

关 键 词：北齐 西域 凉州 占卜术 西胡化 

分 类 号：K239.24[历史地理—历史学]