“希腊化”与“伊朗性”的反思——帕提亚帝国多元文化属性的合分之辨  

Add to Favorite A reflection on the Hellenisation and Iranianness——A debate on the divergence and integration of multiculturalism of the Parthian empire

作　　者：龙沛 Long Pei

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所 [2]西北大学文化遗产学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2024年第2期94-107,171,172,共16页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“新编中东国家通史(多卷本)”(项目批准号:LSYZD21021)子课题“新编中东国家通史·伊朗卷”以及陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目“罗马波斯战争与古代晚期中东文明转型研究”(项目编号:22JZ060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在帕提亚帝国文化属性中,“希腊化”与“伊朗性”的关系表现出先合后分的阶段性特征。“希腊化”是帕提亚帝国前期体现出的表层文化,而“伊朗性”是帕提亚人自身文化中始终延续并且逐渐凸显的本体文化。“伊朗性”体现在帕提亚帝国的钱币、图像、铭文、建筑和王权观念等诸多方面。在帕提亚帝国前期,出于巩固统治的政治需要,“希腊化”与“伊朗性”之间呈现出融合并存的态势。帕提亚帝国后期,随着罗马—帕提亚两极格局对立形势的到来,帕提亚人逐渐走向去希腊化和全面复兴伊朗文化。从持续时间和文化性质来看,“伊朗性”应是理解帕提亚帝国文化属性和文明交往特征最重要的维度。帕提亚文化对中古伊朗文明和罗马帝国都产生了极为深远的影响,其价值不应被其表面的“希腊化”和“内亚性”特征所遮蔽。In the cultural landscape of the Parthian empire,the relationship between its Hellenism and Iranianness was characterised by the pattern of initial separation,followed by later stage of integration.Hellenism was presented as the fa?ade of the early Parthian culture,while the Iranianness was the cultural core of the Parthian people which continued to exist and gradually came into prominence.The Iranianness was reflected in various aspects of the empire;these included its coinage,images,inscriptions,architectures,and the concept of kingship.Due to the political demand of consolidating the polity,the Iranianness and Hellenism started to integrate in the early stage of the Parthian empire.By the late period,the arrival of the Rome-Carthage rivalry led to the gradual de-Hellenisation and the total embrace of Iranianness of the Parthians.Based on the timing and its cultural essence,the Iranianness was the most significant dimension for understanding the cultural landscapes and dynamics of cultural exchange in the Parthian empire.The Parthian culture had had far-reaching influences in both the Persian civilisation and the Roman empire;as such,its significance should not be obscured by its Hellenistic appearance and Inner Asian identity.

关 键 词：帕提亚帝国 文化属性 伊朗性 希腊化 内亚性 

分 类 号：K373.1[历史地理—历史学]