Evolutionary genomics of climatic adaptation and resilience to climate change in alfalfa  

作　　者：Fan Zhang Ruicai Long Zhiyao Ma Hua Xiao Xiaodong Xu Zhongjie Liu Chunxue Wei Yiwen Wang Yanling Peng Xuanwen Yang Xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Mingna Li Ming Xu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Tiejun Zhang Zhen Wang Xianran Li Long-Xi Yu Junmei Kang Zhiwu Zhang Yongfeng Zhou Qingchuan Yang 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China [2]National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding,Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518000,China [3]School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China [4]Department of Agronomy and Horticulture,University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln,NE 68583,USA [5]Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,Washington State University,Pullman,WA 99163,USA [6]U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service,Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research,Prosser,WA 99350,USA [7]National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2024年第6期867-883,共17页分子植物（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-34);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS14);the Science Fund Program for Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Overseas)to Yongfeng Zhou.

摘　　要：Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security,gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate change.Alfalfa(Medicago sativa subsp.sativa),the queen of forages,shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments,making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate change.In this study,we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa’s climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate change.We found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa,particularly enriching defense and stress-response genes.Intersubspecific introgression between M.sativa subsp.falcata(subsp.falcata)and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa’s climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden.A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation,and 5.7%of them were introgressions from subsp.falcata.By integrating climate-associated variants and climate data,we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change,particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.These findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding efforts.We also identified preadaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations,illuminating a pathway for future breeding strategies.Collectively,this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars,contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change.

关 键 词：MEDICAGO local adaptation population genetics adaptive introgression genetic vulnerability alfalfa breeding 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]