S型控释氮肥运筹对水稻产量形成及氮素利用特征的影响  

Effects of S-type CRFN operation on yield formation and nitrogen use characteristics of rice

作　　者：王树深 罗刚 舒小伟 徐萱 王子涵 丁周宇 杨英 伏桐 周娟 姚友礼 黄建晔 王余龙 董桂春 WANG Shushen;LUO Gang;SHU Xiaowei;XU Xuan;WANG Zihan;DING Zhouyu;YANG Ying;FU Tong;ZHOU Juan;YAO Youli;HUANG Jianye;WANG Yulong;DONG Guichun(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Industrial Technology of Food Crops/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genome of Ministry of Education/Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009;Xinyang Farm of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng 224314;Changzhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Changzhou 213001)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室培育点/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/教育部植物功能基因组重点实验室,扬州225009 [2]江苏省新洋农场,盐城224314 [3]常州市农业农村局,常州213001

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第3期384-396,共13页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学资金资助项目(31571608);江苏省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2023-ZYXT-03-2);2023年江苏稻米产业集群项目优质水稻产量品质效益协同提升关键技术研发(203320175);2023年常州市现代农业科技创新中心项目(CAIC(2023)005);2023年扬州市中央农业相关专项转移支付项目(203310383)共同资助。

摘　　要：缓控释肥具有施用次数少、肥料利用率高的特点,S型热固性树脂包膜控释氮肥(S型控释氮肥)受土壤pH影响小、肥料稳定性好。本研究以S型控释氮肥为试材,分别设置了6个水稻品种的响应比较、4种氮肥施用量、5种氮肥施用时期及7种氮肥配施比例的4个盆栽试验,研究其对水稻产量形成、氮素吸收利用等的影响。结果表明:1)品种比较试验中,S型控释氮肥提高了6个水稻品种的产量,增幅在2.95%~18.57%,平均增加12.60%;产量提高的原因是穗数或每穗颖花数的增加;S型缓控释氮肥可显著提高供试水稻成熟期的氮素积累量、氮肥利用率,但氮素籽粒生产效率有所下降。2)控释肥运筹试验中,随着S型控释氮肥施用量和施用比例的增加,武运粳24号的产量呈先增加后下降的趋势,分别以每盆3g纯氮处理和控释氮肥占比80%处理产量增幅最大,作基肥时增产效应更显著;成熟期氮素积累量呈增加和先增加后下降的趋势,分别以每盆4.5 g纯氮处理和控释氮肥占比80%处理增幅最大,作基肥时增幅效应更显著;氮素籽粒生产效率和氮肥利用率呈降低趋势,氮素籽粒生产效率分别以控释氮肥占比0%和控释肥作保花肥最大,氮肥利用率分别以控释氮肥占比80%和控释肥作基肥时最大。3)控释肥对根系性状影响试验中,S型控释氮肥处理提高了武运粳24号水稻栽后30天单株不定根总长、根干重与吸收面积,提高了抽穗期单株不定根总长、根干重和根活力;单株不定根数、不定根总长、根干重、根活力的增加是产量、氮素积累量和氮肥利用率协同提高的根系基础。总之,S型控释氮肥可显著提高水稻的产量和氮肥利用率,作为基肥时最优。每盆3 g纯氮处理、控释氮肥占比80%左右时产量、成熟期氮素积累量、氮肥利用率协同增加,与其栽后30天、抽穗期根系性状优化有密切关系。CRFN has the characteristics of less application times and high fertilizer utilization rate,and S-type thermosetting resin-coated controlled release nitrogen fertilizer(S-type CRFN)is less affected by soil pH and has good fertilizer stability.In this study,S-type CRFN was used as the test material,and 4 pot experiments were set up to compare the response of 6 rice varieties,4 nitrogen application rates,5 nitrogen application periods,and 7 nitrogen application ratios,respectively,to study the effects of S-type CRFN on rice yield formation,nitrogen uptake and utilization.The results showed as follows:1)In the variety comparison test,S-type CRFN increased the yield of 6 rice varieties by 2.95%–18.57%,with an average increase of 12.60%;the increase in yield was due to the increase in panicle number or spikelets per panicle;S-type CRFN significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation and nitrogenuse efficiency of rice at the mature stage, but it decreased the nitrogen grain production efficiency. 2) In the CRFNoperation test, with the increase of the application amount and proportion of S-type CRFN, the yield of Wuyunjing 24showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, the yield increased the most in the treatment of 3 g pure nitrogenper pot and 80% controlled release nitrogen, respectively, and the yield increase effect was more significant whenS-type CRFN was used as base fertilizer;the highest nitrogen absorption of Wuyunjing 24 at the mature stage was inthe treatment of 4.5 g pure nitrogen per pot and controlled release nitrogen treatment (80%), and S-type CRFN increase effect was more significant than conventional fertilization treatment in base fertilizer. N grain production efficiency and N use efficiency showed a decreasing trend. N grain production efficiency was the highest when controlled release N (0%) and controlled release fertilizer were used as protection fertilizer, and N use efficiency was thehighest when controlled release N (80%) and controlled release fertilizer were used as base fertiliz

关 键 词：S型控释氮肥 水稻 肥料处理 产量 根系性状 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]