镀铜石墨对铜基制动闸片组织及性能的影响  

Effect of copper-coated graphite on microstructure and properties of copper matrix brake pad

作　　者：周亚军 张鑫[1,2] 张永振[1,2] 张玉娟[3] 申凯 ZHOU Ya-jun;ZHANG Xin;ZHANG Yong-zhen;ZHANG Yu-juan;SHEN Kai(National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;Huanghe Science and Technology University,Zhengzhou 450063,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学高端轴承摩擦学技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,河南洛阳471023 [3]黄河科技学院,河南郑州450063

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2024年第7期173-183,共11页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(92266205 E0505);河南省教育厅骨干教师项目(2020GGJS271);河南省教育厅科技攻关项目(21A460020);郑州市科技攻关项目(ZZSZX202105)。

摘　　要：采用化学镀的方式在鳞片状石墨表面镀铜来改善铜基制动闸片中石墨和铜基体的界面结合,制定了化学镀铜配方及工艺,并研究了4种不同镀液温度对镀铜效果的影响。对镀铜后的石墨进行显微组织观察和能谱分析可知:随镀液温度的升高,镀铜效果先升后降,最好的施镀温度为50℃。用热压烧结法制备出镀铜石墨/铜基制动闸片(FM1)与非镀铜石墨/铜基制动闸片(FM0),并对其进行力学性能、物理性能测试以及制动测试,并采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对制动闸片在制动前后的表面形貌进行观察及分析。结果表明:与FM0相比,FM1中石墨分布更细小均匀,因此样品的致密度较高,硬度、抗压强度和热导率也随之增大。在不同制动初速度下,随制动初速度的提高,两种闸片的摩擦系数均出现先略微增高、后平稳,然后显著降低的趋势,但FM1的摩擦系数总体比FM0的摩擦系数更高且稳定,线磨损率也相对较小。在350 km/h高速制动条件下,由于摩擦热引起的材料表面软化,两种制动闸片的摩擦系数差别不大,都呈现显著下降趋势。A chemical plating method was used to deposit copper on the surface of flake graphite to improve the interface bonding between graphite and copper matrix in copper matrix brake pads.The chemical copper plating formula and process were formulated,and the influence of four different plating bath temperatures on the copper plating effect was studied.The microstructure observation and energy spectrum analysis of the graphite after copper plating show that as the plating temperature increases,the copper plating quality first increases and then decreases,and the best plating temperature is 50 ℃.Copper-coated graphite/copper matrix brake pads(FM1) and non-copper-coated graphite/copper matrix brake pads(FM0) were prepared by hot pressing sintering method,their mechanical,physical,and braking performance were tested,and the surface morphology of the brake pads before and after braking was observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that compared with FM0,the graphite distribution in FM1 is finer and more uniform,resulting in a higher density of the sample,as well as an increase in hardness,compressive strength,and thermal conductivity.At different initial braking speeds,as the initial braking speed increases,the friction coefficients of both brake pads show a trend of first slightly increasing,then stabilizing,and then significantly decreasing.However,the friction coefficient of FM1 is generally higher and more stable than that of FM0,and the linear wear rate is relatively small.Under high-speed braking conditions of 350 km/h,due to the softening of the material surface caused by frictional heat,the friction coefficients of the two brake pads are not significantly different and both show a significant downward trend.

关 键 词：镀铜石墨 化学镀 铜基制动闸片 施镀温度 摩擦系数 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG174.44[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]