孤雌生殖中卵母细胞激活的研究进展  

Research Progress on Oocyte Activation in Parthenogenesis

作　　者：徐芳 马辰恺 崔春光 胡成洁 王永强[1] 徐霞 XU Fang;MA Chenkai;CUI Chunguang;HU Chengjie;WANG Yongqiang;XU Xia(Institute of Sericultural and Tea,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021 Zhejiang,China;College of Life Sciences and Medicine,Zhejiang Sci-tech University,Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院蚕桑与茶叶研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《蚕桑通报》2024年第1期1-6,共6页Bulletin of Sericulture

基　　金：浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(2022XTTGCS02-2);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2022YFE0127000);浙江省“十四五”育种专项蚕桑协作组项目(2021C02072);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18)。

摘　　要：卵母细胞从第一次减数分裂前期转变到第二次减数分裂中期,称之为卵母细胞的减数分裂成熟时期。在有性生殖中,卵母细胞成熟后便拥有了受精的能力。孤雌生殖激活是指卵母细胞处于第二次减数分裂中期时,不经过精子的刺激而在某些物理化学因素的刺激下自发恢复并完成减数分裂,进行有丝分裂并发育到胚胎的过程。卵母细胞具备成熟能力是孤雌生殖发生的必要条件。已知卵母细胞成熟与cAMP、PKA、MPF等因子的水平调节紧密相关。人工激活卵母细胞的原理则是通过外界刺激改变卵母细胞内的分子作用网络及化学信号传导,其方法包括物理性激活、化学性激活及联合性激活。对于不同物种选取不同方法,孤雌激活的效果与卵母细胞的来源、卵龄、方法的选择和培养条件有关。Oocytes change from the early stage of the first meiosis to the middle of the second meiosis,which is called the meiosis maturity period of oocytes.In sexual reproduction,oocytes have the ability to fertilize when they mature.Parthenogenesis activation refers to the process of spontaneous recovery and completion of meiosis under the stimulation of some physical and chemical factors without the stimulation of sperm in the middle of the second meiosis,carry out mitosis and develop into the embryo.The ability of oocytes to mature is a necessary condition for the occurrence of parthenogenesis.It is known that the maturation of oocytes is closely related to the level regulation of cAMP,PKA,MPF and other factors.The principle of artificial activation of oocytes is to change the molecular action network and chemical signal transmission in oocytes through external stimulation.The methods include physical activation,chemical activation and joint activation.For the selection of different methods for different species,the activation effect of parthenogenesis is related to the source,egg age,method selection and culture conditions of oocytes.

关 键 词：孤雌生殖 卵母细胞 减数分裂 激活方法 激活机制 

分 类 号：S882[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]