基于首尾和全过程方法的中江县灌溉水有效利用系数测算分析  

Calculating effective irrigation water use efficiency of Zhongjiang County using head-tail and whole-process methods

作　　者：徐凯 杨开静[2] 邓顺杰 雷波 徐立荣[1] 苟欢欢 李元昊 XU Kai;YANG Kaijing;DENG Shunjie;LEI Bo;XU Lirong;GOU Huanhuan;LI Yuanhao(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Sichuan Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Development,Chengdu 611800,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,济南250022 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [3]四川省都江堰水利发展中心,成都611800

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第8期39-46,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52009142)。

摘　　要：【目的】对比分析2种灌溉水有效利用系数(IWEUC)测算方法,研究灌区用水损失的主要环节。【方法】以四川省中江县为例,在全县范围内划定了4处分区(TW、TH、ON、FO分区),分别选取典型渠系和典型田块,利用动水测定法、经验公式法和田间灌溉试验进行IWEUC全过程测算分析;统计渠首引水量和其他补充水源供水量得到区域毛灌溉用水总量,并观测作物净灌溉用水量,进行首尾测算分析,与全过程测算结果进行对比。【结果】中江县TW分区渠系水利用系数最大为0.596,TH分区渠系水利用系数最小为0.564,加权平均值为0.580;北部的ON、TW分区由于工程配套良好,其田间水利用系数接近0.90,而TH、FO分区受地形等影响,田间水利用系数在0.85左右;在灌溉保证率75%条件下,全过程测算分析法得到IWEUC结果为0.503,首尾测算分析法得到结果为0.492,二者相对偏差为2.2%。【结论】中江县目前的灌溉水有效利用系数低于全国平均水平,还有较大的节水潜力。【Objective】Irrigation water use efficiency is an important parameter in irrigation design.It depends on various factors.In this paper,we compared irrigation water use efficiency calculated using the whole-process method and the head-tail method,from which we further studied the factors that influence water loss in irrigation districts.【Method】The study area was Zhongjiang County in Sichuan province.We divided the county into four regions(represented by TW,TH,ON and FO),each region having its typical canal systems and field conditions.The whole-process method calculated the irrigation water use efficiency in each region using a combination of hydrodynamic method,empirical formula and irrigation experiments.The head-tail method calculated the total irrigation amount in each region first by measuring the water flowing into and out of the region at the heads and tails,respectively,as well as other water sources flowing into and out of the region;these,along with the irrigation water consumed by crops,were used to calculate the irrigation water use efficiency.【Result】The canal water use efficiency in the largest TW regions was 0.596 and the smallest TH regions was 0.564,with a weight-average of 0.580.The water use coefficient in ON and TW regions in the north of the county was 0.90,thanks to their good hydraulic engineering projects.Affected by their topography,the water use coefficient in the TH and FO regions was 0.85.When the required irrigation guarantee was 75%,the irrigation water use efficiency calculated by the whole-process method was 0.503,compared to 0.492 calculated by the head-tail method.【Conclusion】The irrigation water use efficiency calculated by the two methods is comparable and their results are reasonable.The proposed method and the results can help to improve irrigation water use efficiency in regions where the irrigation water use efficiency is currently lower than the national average.

关 键 词：灌溉水有效利用系数 动水测定法 Kostiakov经验公式 首尾分析 全过程分析 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]