基于供水量的两级渠系优化配水模型  

A water supply-based optimization model for water distribution in two-level canal systems

作　　者：樊煜 杨明明 高占义[1,2] 陈皓锐[1,2] 周客[1,2] 徐建辉 徐宁 FAN Yu;YANG Mingming;GAO Zhanyi;CHEN Haorui;ZHOU Ke;XU Jianhui;XU Ning(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research,Beijing 100038,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Binzhou Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Service Center,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [3]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [4]山东省滨州市引黄灌溉服务中心,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第8期73-79,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M743894);国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20233114);中国水利水电科学研究院技术创新团队项目(ID0145B022021);国家自然科学基金项目(52109073)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于灌区实际供水量构建两级渠系优化配水模型,提供各用水单元的配水量、配水流量、配水时间。【方法】本文分2种情形构建模型,情形1:非充分灌溉,作物某生育时期内供水无法满足需水,模型首先通过水资源配置确定每个用水户的分配水量,再通过渠系优化配水模型确定每条渠道的配水流量和配水时间;情形2:充分灌溉,供水能够满足需水,根据配置系数确定各渠道配水的优先次序,再确定配水流量和配水时间。【结果】将模型运用到山东省簸箕李灌区,验证模型的适用性,结果表明本模型能够根据灌区的供水量提供水资源配置方案和渠系配水方案。供水充足时,模型根据配置系数确定配水次序;供水不足时,模型根据分配系数确定水资源分配量。情形1和情形2支渠的配水流量分别在流量上限的0.8倍与0.75倍以上,做到了大流量配水;2种情形的配水周期分别为10.90、17.84 d,缩短了灌溉周期。【结论】本文建立的模型能够依据供水量首先提供水资源分配方案或配置次序,再以此为基础,提供配水方案,即配水流量、配水开始时间、配水结束时间,从而指导灌区的配水工作。【Objective】Optimizing water distribution in canal-irrigation districts is a prerequisite to improve irrigation water use efficiency.This paper proposes an optimization method to distribute water in two-level canal-irrigation systems.【Method】The method was based on water supply to irrigation districts;it optimizes volume of water distribution,water distribution flow rate and time for each water use unit.We considered two scenarios.The first one was insufficient irrigation where water supply cannot meet water demand during the growing season of crops,in which the model calculated the allocated water for each water user first using water resource allocation coefficient,and then determined the water distribution using the optimal distribution model.The second was sufficient irrigation where water supply meets water demand;we first ranked the priority of the water distribution to each user,and then determined the volume of optimal water flow and timing.The objective of the optimization in both scenarios was to maximize water flow rate and expedite water distribution.The model was applied to the Bojili Irrigation District.【Result】The model can optimally allocate and distribute water across the canal system.When water supply is ample,the model can optimally determine water distribution sequence based on the allocation coefficient.When water is scarce,the model can optimally allocate water to each user based on the distribution coefficient.In both scenarios,water distribution flow rate in the main and branched canals exceed 80%and 75%of the maximum flow limits in the first and second scenarios,respectively.The water distribution period for the first and second scenarios is 10.90 and 17.84 days,respectively.【Conclusion】The model we developed is effective and provides an improved water allocation method for water management in irrigation districts.

关 键 词：渠系配水 水资源配置 优化配水 灌区 配水模型 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]