农田排涝模数计算方法比较研究  

Comparison of different methods for calculating farmland drainage modulus

作　　者：尤李俊 王少丽[1] 刘长荣 范力军 李宗良[4] YOU Lijun;WANG Shaoli;LIU Changrong;FAN Lijun;LI Zongliang(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Heilongjiang Province Service Center for Rural Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Harbin 150040,China;290 Farmland Water Authority,Hegang 156200,China;Suibin Farmland Water Conservancy Department of Agriculture Development,Hegang 156200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]黑龙江省农村水利水电保障中心,哈尔滨150040 [3]二九〇农场水务局,黑龙江鹤岗156200 [4]绥滨农场农业发展部水利科,黑龙江鹤岗156200

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第8期80-88,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779274,52079145)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究径流深与排涝模数计算方法的差异性,确定合理的农田排水工程规模。【方法】基于历史降水资料、排涝泵站运行数据和土地利用类型数据,计算三江平原绥滨县蜿蜒河涝区实际径流深(RO),采用综合加权法和SCS-CN方法计算了涝区理论径流深(R_(GM)、R_(SCS)),在此基础上,用经验公式法和平均排除法计算区域排涝模数(Q_(E)、Q_(A)),比较分析径流深与排涝模数计算方法的适用性。【结果】在同一年份同一重现期下,降水历时越长实际径流深越大;同一降水历时同一重现期下,实际径流深随着年份的推移而减小;实际径流深和排涝模数与理论径流深和排涝模数存在偏差。大降水情况时,R_(GM)>R_(SCS)>R_(O);小降水情况时,R_(SCS)<R_(GM)<R_(O)。根据实际和理论径流深计算出的排涝模数规律与径流深规律相同;大降水情况下,1日降水历时Q_(A)>Q_(E);3日降水历时Q_(A)<Q_(E)。【结论】考虑了前期土壤状况的SCS-CN方法更适宜平原涝区径流深计算,但需要选择适宜的CN值。引入迟缓-槽蓄系数的平均排除法更能反映出大流域的调蓄作用。在经济发展水平较低且经济增速缓慢的地区,对于大面积滞蓄条件较好的平原涝区选择更长的排涝历时时,采用加入槽蓄-迟缓系数的平均排除法计算排涝模数更适宜。【Objective】Drainage modulus is an important parameter for designing drainage systems in farmland.Taking Suibin county in Sanjiang Plain as an example,this paper analyzes its runoff and drainage modulus.【Method】The study site was an area prone to waterlogging.We first calculated the runoff(RO)using historical data on precipitation,pumping stations and land usage,and then estimated it using the runoff generation method(R_(GM))and the SCS-CN method(R_(SCS)).The drainage modulus associated with each runoff was calculated using both empirical formulae(Q_(E))and the average draining method(Q_(A)).The runoff and drainage modulus calculated by different methods were tested against measured data in the field.【Result】In the same year and under the same rainfall return period,the measured runoff increased with rainfall duration,while under the same rainfall duration and the same rainfall return period,it decreased with passage of years.The runoff and drainage modulus calculated from different methods differed from the experimentally measured data.For heavy rainfalls,the runoff estimated from different methods was ranked in the order of R_(GM)>R_(SCS)>R_(O),while for other rainfalls,it was ranked in the order of R_(SCS)<R_(GM)<R_(O).The magnitude of the drainage modulus estimated using measured runoff and calculated runoff varied with rainfall density in the same order as the associated runoff.For heavy rainfalls lasting one data,Q_(A)>Q_(E),whereas for rainfalls lasting 3 days,Q_(A)<Q_(E).【Conclusion】The SCS-CN method works better for calculating runoff in the studied area,although its accuracy is sensitive to the CN value.The drainage formulae that include channel storage coefficient effectively describe the regulating function of watersheds.Regions with less development and good water storage capacity allow a prolonged drainage duration.

关 键 词：排涝模数 径流深 综合加权法 SCS-CN方法 经验公式法 平均排除法 

分 类 号：S276[农业科学—农业水土工程] P333.2[农业科学—农业工程]