Double-kill contribution of high-roughness high-density porous carbon electrodes to mechanically self-sensing supercapacitors  

作　　者：Jue Huang Pengyu Liu Yiqun Wang Keren Dai Qingyun Dou Yajiang Yin Xiaofeng Wang Zheng You 

机构地区：[1]Department of Precision Instrument,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments,Beijing 100084,China [3]Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [4]ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory,School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China [5]Qiyuan Laboratory,Beijing 100095,China

出　　处：《Nano Research》2024年第7期6157-6167,共11页纳米研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52007084);by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001).

摘　　要：Impact detecting and counting are fundamental functions of fuses used in hard target penetration weapons.However,detection failure caused by battery breakdown in high-g acceleration environments poses a vulnerability for such weapons.This paper introduces a novel supercapacitor that combines energy storage and high-g impact detection,called self-sensing supercapacitor.By deliberately inducing a transient soft short-circuit during shock in the supercapacitor,it is possible to detect external impact by its transient voltage drop.To realize this concept,firstly,by introducing the contact theory and force-induced percolation model,the electrode strength and roughness are found to have key impacts on the formation of soft circuits.Subsequently,to meet the needs for sensitivity and capacity,a high-density porous carbon(HDPC)that combines high mechanical strength and porosity,is selected as a suitable candidate based on the analysis results.Furthermore,a two-step curing method is proposed to prepare the high-roughness HDPC(HRHDPC)electrode and to assemble the self-sensing supercapacitor.Due to the rich specific surface of the electrodes and the high surface strength and roughness conducive to the formation of transient soft short circuits,the self-sensing supercapacitor not only possesses an excellent specific capacitance(171 F/g at 0.5 A/g)but also generates significant voltage response signals when subjected to high-g impacts ranging from 8000g to 31,000g.Finally,the self-sensing supercapacitor is applied to compose a successive high-g impact counting system and compared to traditional solutions(sensors and tantalum capacitors)in the military fuzes.The results show that the self-sensing supercapacitor-based system exhibits advantages in terms of size,power consumption,and counting accuracy.

关 键 词：SUPERCAPACITOR SELF-SENSING soft short-circuit impact sensing 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]