英印夺取不丹的传统政治地位和中国的回应  

The British-Indian Seize to Undermine Bhutan's Traditional Political Position and China's Response

作　　者：张皓 ZHANG Hao

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008 [2]北京师范大学,北京100000

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2024年第2期164-177,共14页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：北京市社科基金项目“治藏主权的恢复:反对外国干涉下西藏和平解放之研究”(批准号:17LSB007)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：位于喜马拉雅山南麓的不丹,因其重要的地理位置成为英印针对中国的桥头堡。历史上的不丹在中国具有传统的政治地位,并按照西藏实行政教合一制,英国对此也不能不承认。从18世纪到20世纪,英国分三步“挺进”,强迫不丹接受《辛曲拉条约》及其1910年“修正”版,竭力终止不丹在中国传统的政治地位。自1910至1948年,中英两国围绕不丹的传统政治地位多次争论,英国宣称由其“指导”不丹,指责中国一直强调对不丹的宗主权;中国中央政府和西藏地方政府则坚持不丹在中国的传统政治地位。印度继承英国侵略不丹的权益,翻版1910年英国、不丹“条约”,将不丹纳入针对中国的防御体系之中。中国反对印度对不丹的“挺进”。不丹问题,是中印两国之间关系发展不能回避的症结之一。Bhutan,situated in the southern foothills of the Himalayas,has become a strategic location for Britain and India against China due to its advantageous geographical position.Historically,Bhutan had a traditional political status in China and practised secularism in accordance with Tibet,which Britain could not but recognize.From the 18th century to the 20th century,Britain advanced in three steps,forcing Bhutan to accept the Treaty of Sinchula and its 1910"revised"version,and endeavored to terminate Bhutan's traditional political status in China.From 1910 to 1948,China and Britain engaged in a series of disputes over Bhutan's traditional political status.Britain asserted its role as a"guiding"power in Bhutan,while China argued that it retained suzerainty over the country.The Chinese central government and the Tibetan government in exile both sought to preserve Bhutan's traditional political status within China.India inherited the rights and interests of the British invasion of Bhutan and replicated the 1910 British-Bhutanese"treaty"to include Bhutan in its defence system against China.China opposes India's"advance"on Bhutan.Bhutan issue is one of the key issues that cannot be avoided in the development of relations between China and India.

关 键 词：不丹问题 《辛曲拉条约》 1949年印不“条约” 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]