可罚的违法性理论之述评与借鉴——兼论情节犯情节要件之定位  

Review and Reference of The Theory of Punishable Illegality:On The Systematic Positioning of The Plot Elements of The Plot Crime

作　　者：张庆立[1] Zhang Qingli

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《南海法学》2024年第3期12-20,共9页The South China Sea Law Journal

基　　金：2023年度最高人民检察院检察应用理论研究课题“赌博犯罪的法律适用问题”(课题编号:GJ2023D24);国家检察官学院2023年度科研基金资助项目“重塑检察侦查体系全面提升检察侦查权能”(课题编号:GJY2023D15)。

摘　　要：在日本,为平抑程序法中检察官独占主义和便宜主义的原则,需要从实体法上寻求一种控制公诉权滥用的策略,可罚的违法性理论应运而生。目前,可罚的违法性经历了从违法性否定说到区分说的转变,正面临违法整体性和相对性的解释难题。妥当的做法应为:将质和绝对轻微型量的违法性判断作为构成要件符合性的判断,而将相对轻微型量的违法性判断作为违法性的判断,并从规范的“指引功能”和“裁判功能”两个不同视角对违法的整体性与相对性进行解读。尽管中外立法模式各异,但可罚的违法性理论在解决我国传统刑法理论难题方面仍有积极意义,如借鉴可罚的违法性“分散归属”定位的做法,可将我国刑法中情节犯之情节要件分散归属至犯罪论体系中的各阶层。In Japan,in order to deal with the principle of prosecutor monopoly and discretion in procedural law,it is necessary to seek a strategy to control the abuse of public prosecution power from the substantive law,and the theory of punishable illegality should come out.At present,the punishable illegality has undergone the transformation from"negation of illegality"to"differentiation",and is facing the difficult problem of the interpretation of the integrity and relativity of illegality.The proper approach should be to take the illegality judgment of quality and absolute light and micro quantity as the judgment of conformity of constitutive elements,and the illegality judgment of relatively light and micro quantity as the judgment of illegality,and interpret the integrity and relativity of illegality from the two different perspectives of"guiding function"and"judging function"of norms.Although there are different legislative models in China and foreign countries,the theory of punishable illegality still has positive significance in solving the problem of traditional criminal law theory in our country.For example,according to the practice of"decentralized attribution"of punishable illegality,the plot elements of the plot crime are distributed to all levels of the crime theory system.

关 键 词：可罚的违法性 理论评述 借鉴价值 情节犯 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]