碳排放单位伪造碳排放数据的刑法规制——兼论碳排放权的性质及权属  

Criminal Law Regulation on Forgery of Carbon Emission Data by Carbon Emission Units——On the Nature and Ownership of Carbon Emission Right

作　　者：袁龙明越 Yuan Longmingyue(Tongji University,Shanghai,200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2024年第2期84-92,共9页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

摘　　要：大气环境碳容量具有价值性与实存性,属于自然资源。大气环境碳容量被加以时间、空间与数量的限定,具备了特定性与相对可支配性,是适格的物权客体。碳排放权既非用益物权亦非准物权,而是以大气环境碳容量为客体的所有权。未转让给个人或单位的碳排放权归国家所有。超额排放温室气体并伪造碳排放数据是一种逃费行为。若碳排放单位超额排放温室气体时已具有数据造假意图,则超额排放行为构成以碳排放配额为对象的诈骗罪,数据造假行为因缺乏期待可能性而不构成犯罪。若碳排放单位超额排放温室气体时并无数据造假意图,则数据造假行为构成以债权为对象的盗窃罪。The carbon capacity of the atmospheric environment has value and practicality,and belongs to natural resources.The carbon capacity of the atmospheric environment is limited by time,space,and quantity,possessing specificity and relative dominance,and is a qualified property right object.Carbon emission right is neither usufructuary right nor quasi-property right,but the ownership of the carbon capacity of the atmospheric environment.The carbon emission rights that have not been transferred to individuals or units belong to the state.Exceeding greenhouse gas emissions and falsifying carbon emission data is a form of fee evasion.If a carbon emitting unit already has the intention to falsify data when emitting greenhouse gases in excess,the excess emission behavior constitutes the crime of fraud targeting carbon emission quotas,and the data falsification behavior does not constitute a crime due to the lack of expected possibility.If a carbon emitting unit emits greenhouse gases in excess without any intention to falsify data,the act of data falsification constitutes theft against creditors.

关 键 词：碳排放权 大气环境容量 碳排放配额 盗窃罪 诈骗罪 

分 类 号：D924.35[政治法律—刑法学]