军事权力、大乘佛教与室利佛逝海上贸易模式构建  

Military Power,Mahayana Buddhism and the Construction of Sri Vijaya Maritime Trade Pattern

作　　者：王勇辉 Wang Yonghui(Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学政治与国际关系学院/中印尼人文交流研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2024年第4期25-34,共10页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“印度尼西亚海洋主权的历史考察”(19FSSB018)。

摘　　要：7-14世纪,作为印度尼西亚巽他群岛海上强国的室利佛逝,地理位置优越,控制着马六甲海峡和巽他海峡,联通着东西方的贸易往来。作为第一个势力范围涵盖整个马来半岛的古国,室利佛逝大力发展海上贸易,并将大乘佛教确立为国教,将在印度衰落的佛教又一次在室利佛逝发扬光大,室利佛逝成为世界性的佛教中心。大乘佛教深深地影响着印度尼西亚海岛地区政治、经济和宗教等方面的发展。赛代斯将这种现象称之为“印度化”。作为东南亚最强大的古国之一,室利佛逝宗教文化和海上贸易模式具有鲜明的特点,通过加强王权的控制力,以军队为后盾,通过征服领地、扩张商品生产地,建立起强大的海上贸易网络,为控制马六甲海峡和巽他海峡的黄金水道提供保障。同时,以大乘佛教作为强化政权的精神动力,大乘佛教成为统治者加强权力的工具,也给统治者带来了变革的动力,并影响着室利佛逝海上贸易模式的构建。从宗教和海上贸易模式来看,室利佛逝是东南亚古代文明发展过程中的特色符号。室利佛逝政权持续了约7个半世纪,在印度尼西亚诸多古国中存在时间之长是罕见的,通过构建东南亚海岛地区霸权和将大乘佛教定为国教,实现其统治的海岛地区的“印度化”。在对外关系上,室利佛逝与印度和中国的唐朝都保持着较为密切的联系,为研究印度尼西亚古代史上的“印度化”及中国的古代丝绸之路提供了重要参考价值。From the 7th to the 14th century,Sri Vijaya,as a maritime power in the Sunda Islands of Indonesia,had an advantageous geographical location,controlling the Strait of Malacca and the Strait of Sunda and connecting the East and West for trade.As the first ancient kingdom whose sphere of influence covered the entire Malay Peninsula,Sri Vijaya vigorously developed maritime trade and established Mahayana Buddhism as the state religion.Buddhism,which had declined in India,once again flourished in Sri Vijaya,and Sri Vijaya became a worldwide center of Buddhism.Mahayana Buddhism has profoundly influenced the political,economic and religious development of the Indonesian archipelago.George Coedès calls this phenomenon"Indianization".As one of the most powerful ancient kingdoms in Southeast Asia,Sri Vijaya's religious culture and maritime trade pattern have distinctive characteristics.Backed by its army,Sri Vijaya established a strong maritime trade network to guarantee the control of the golden waterways of Malacca and the Sunda Strait by strengthening the control of the royal power and conquering territories to expand commodity production areas.At the same time,as the spiritual driving force to strengthen political power for the kingdom,Mahayana Buddhismhas also brought impetus for rulers to make changes and affected the construction of Sri Vijaya's maritime trade pattern.From the perspective of religion and maritime trade patterns,Sri Vijaya is a characteristic symbol in the development of ancient civilizations in Southeast Asia.Sri Vijaya's regime lasted for about seven centuries and a half,which is rarely long among many ancient kingdoms in Indonesia.Not only did it establish hegemony in the Southeast Asian archipelago,but also established Mahayana Buddhism as the religion of the kingdom,"indianizing"its ruled archipelago.In terms of foreign relations,it maintains relatively close ties with India and China's Tang Dynasty,which provides important reference value for studying the"indianization"of Indonesia's ancient hi

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 室利佛逝 海上贸易模式 军事权力 大乘佛教 

分 类 号：K342.3[历史地理—历史学] B948[历史地理—世界史] D734.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] F749[政治法律—政治学]