银行数字化、缅甸移民劳工和泰缅边境贸易关系研究  

Sending Money Back Home:Banking Digitalization,Myanmar Migrant Workers,and the Thailand-Myanmar Border Trade

作　　者： 张婷(译) Akkanut Wantanasombut;Zhang Ting(Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok,10330Thailand;Chengdu University,Chengdu,610106,China)

机构地区：[1]泰国朱拉隆功大学亚洲研究所,泰国曼谷10330 [2]成都大学外国语学院、四川省泰国研究中心,四川成都610106

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2024年第4期35-47,共13页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：据泰国劳工部报告,2021年,大约有240万移民劳工获准在泰国工作,其中三分之二的劳工来自缅甸②。几十年来,来自缅甸的大量移民劳工以及他们给家人的汇款,直接或间接地促进了泰缅边境贸易的发展。文章介绍了围绕泰缅边境贸易展开的经济活动的发展历程,分析了缅甸移民劳工的非正规渠道汇款在大规模非法边境贸易中的作用,同时探讨了数字技术取代传统非正规渠道汇款方式的可能性。文章所呈现的数据是通过半结构式访谈的方式收集的,访谈对象包括32位在泰国龙仔厝府工作、生活的缅甸移民劳工,9位来自湄索的泰国边境贸易商,若干位政府官员以及1家在缅甸运营的泰国金融科技公司。访谈结果显示,尽管新技术所带来的新的汇款方式有可能取代非正规的汇款方式,但缅甸移民劳工仍倾向于选择会带来社会效益的传统汇款方式。银行系统和金融服务的数字化不仅强化了非正规银行系统,也促进并改善了资金分配的过程。Thailand's Ministry of Labour reported that in 2021,approximately 2.4 million migrant workers were approved to work in Thailand with two-thirds from Myanmar.For decades,they have benefited the Thailand-Myanmar border trade,both directly and indirectly,together with the remittances they sent back home.This paper studies how the economic activities revolving around border trade developed,describes how informal remittances from Myanmar migrant workers became one of the key elements of the massive illicit border trade and investigates the possibility of digital technology replacing traditional informal remittance methods.The data presented here was collected via semi-structured interviews with 32 Burmese migrant workers living and working in Samutsakorn Province,9 Thai border traders in Mae Sot,several officials,and a Thai financial technology company operating in Myanmar.The interviews reveal that new remittance methods brought by new technologies have the potential to replace informal methods,but migrant workers still prefer traditional methods with social benefits.The digitalization of banking and financial services strengthens the informal banking system and improves the processes of money distribution.

关 键 词：泰国的缅甸移民劳工 泰缅边境贸易 非正规汇款 银行数字化 

分 类 号：F833.3[经济管理—金融学] F249.33F753.3