《论语》的成书过程及其文体生成  

On the Writing Process of the Analects of Confucius and its Style Formation

作　　者：夏德靠[1] XIA Dekao(School of Humanities,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院人文学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2024年第8期49-57,共9页Journal of Weinan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承的研究(20&ZD265)。

摘　　要：人们主要从编纂者、成书过程及成书年代三个层面来分析《论语》的生成,这些内容虽然与《论语》的生成密切相关,但就《论语》的编撰而言,还应考察其文献渊源与文体生成。无论是文献层面还是文体层面,《论语》都经历一个编纂过程。先秦语类文献经历由“国语”到“家语”的演变,“家语”文献以个体为编纂单位。由于个体身份的差异,“家语”又分为大夫“家语”与诸子“家语”。《论语》被视为诸子“家语”,其根本原因在于孔门编纂《论语》是为了学派建设。《论语》的命名,不仅表明儒门继承了先秦简册载录的神圣传统,而且也使孔子言论在“书”的形态下成为经典。《论语》的文体包括专书与篇章两个方面,在专书语体方面,《论语》创制了“语录体”。“语录体”虽为《论语》所开创,但“语录体”所具备的“言行两录”特征其实渊源于“乞言”仪式。就《论语》篇章文体而论,其格言体、对话体、事语体显然是编纂者综合使用黏合、扩充、原文迻录及改造等多种方式的结果。至于“子曰”,它的出现是编纂者接受“王若曰”“君子曰”影响的结果。从文体角度来说,“子曰”又主要呈现为“格言”,而《论语》中的“格言”也受到“乞言”传统的影响。Scholars generally analyze the formation of the Analects of Confucius from three aspects:the compiler,the process of writing and the age of writing the book,which is closely related to the formation of the Analects of Confucius;however,as far as the compilation of the Analects of Confucius is concerned,its literature origin and style formation should also be investigated.Whether at the level of literature or at the level of style,the Analects of Confucius has gone through a process of compilation.The literature in the early-Qin has experienced the evolution from“Guoyu”to“Jiayu”.As for“Jiayu”,due to its stress on the difference of individual identity,Jiayu literature takes the individual as the unit,and it can be divided into“Jiayu”of Literati(Dafu in Cninese)and“Jiayu”of scholars(Zhuzi in Chinese).The Analects of Confucius is regarded as the“Jiayu”of scholars,the fundamental reason is that Confucius compiled the Analects of Confucius for the school construction.The naming of the Analects of Confucius not only means that Confucius consciously inherits the sacred tradition recorded in the booklet,but also makes Confucius’discourse become a classic in the form of“Book”.The style of the Analects of Confucius includes two aspects:the special book and the text.Based on the special book style,the Analects of Confucius created a Yulu-style,namely,words-quoted style.Although the Yulu-style was created by the Analects of Confucius,the characteristic of Yulu-style with two records of words and deeds actually originated from the ceremony of begging for words.As for the style of the text of the Analects of Confucius,its aphorism style,dialogue style and matter style are obviously the result of the compilers’combination of gluing,expanding,recording and reforming the original text.As for“Confucius said”,it is the result of the compilers accepting the influence of“Wang Ruo said”and“Gentleman said”.From the perspective of style,“Confucius said”is mainly presented as“Maxim”,and�

关 键 词：《论语》 家语 语录体 乞言 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]