“买卖加仁义”:一九六一年华东地区物资交流会中的“物资对流”  

“Trade and Benevolence”:“Materials Exchange”at the 1961 East China Material Exchange Conference

作　　者：周永生 Zhou Yongsheng

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史系

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2024年第3期99-112,共14页CPC History Studies

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年项目“江西中药事业的转型与发展研究(1949-1966)”(LS20207)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国民经济调整时期,“物资对流”成为相对柔性地刺激工农业产品交换的制度选择。商业系统内部通过物资交流会等形式,广泛开展城乡工业品与农副产品的对流。其中1961年9月至10月召开的华东地区物资交流会将“分等对口”“比例成交”作为对流原则,虽然维护了交易秩序,但也引发各地博弈,阻碍了“买卖”的成交。对此,交流会倡导“先予后取”的“仁义”协作,进而基于对等互惠关系调整对流模式,取得了不错的交流实绩。商业系统内的物资对流一定程度上纠正了自上而下的计划分配方式,其实践过程反映了计划与市场之间的复杂关系。During the period of national economic adjustment,the“flow of goods”became a relatively flexible institutional choice to stimulate the exchange of industrial and agricultural products.Within the commercial system,various forms of exchanges,such as material exchange conferences,were widely conducted to facilitate the exchange of urban industrial goods to the rural areas and agricultural and sideline products to the urban areas.The East China Material Exchange Conference,held from September to October 1961,adopted the principles of graded counterparts and proportional transactions for material exchanges.Although this helped to maintain trading order,it also triggered competition among the regions,hindering the completion of transactions.In response,the conference advocated“benevolence-first”and“take-later,”leading to adjustments in the exchange patterns based on reciprocal and mutually beneficial relationships and yielding significant achievements in exchange practices.The exchange of goods within the commercial system to some extent corrected the top-down planned distribution method and reflected the complex relations between planning and the market.

关 键 词：国民经济调整 物资对流 对等互惠 “大跃进” 计划经济 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学] K27[政治法律—中共党史]