基于PID自控系统的原油稳定工艺关键设备参数动态模拟  

Dynamic Simulation of Key Equipment Parameters in Crude Oil Stabilization Process Based on PID Automatic Control System

作　　者：杨婷 安娜 王昊 祝小虎 马海军 翟杰 句瑞婷 YANG Ting;AN Na;WANG Hao;ZHU Xiaohu;MA Haijun;ZHAI Jie;JU Ruiting(No.1 Oil Production Plant of Qinghai Oilfield,CNPC;No.2 Oil Production Plant of Qinghai Oilfield,CNPC;Engineering Construction Supervision Company of Qinghai Oilfield Branch,CNPC)

机构地区：[1]中国石油青海油田分公司采油一厂 [2]中国石油青海油田分公司采油二厂 [3]中国石油青海油田分公司工程建设监理有限责任公司

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2024年第7期29-34,共6页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“致密油储层人工裂缝网络形成机制及其流体多场耦合渗流理论研究”(52064226)。

摘　　要：针对原油稳定工艺在运行工况发生改变时,工艺参数波动大的问题,利用HYSYS软件,建立了负压闪蒸原油稳定动态模型,通过工程经验法,分析了比例系数、积分系数和微分系数对未稳定原油流量、原油稳定塔压力和缓冲分离器液位的影响规律,初步确定了参数整定范围和数值,并基于遗传算法对整定参数进行细化,解决了工艺系统的不稳定性和波动性。结果表明,在流量控制中,添加比例系数可明显缩短恢复时间,比例系数从0.5到2,恢复时间节省了53%,添加积分系数可减少系统静差,积分系数从3到0.1,恢复时间先减小后缓慢增大;在压力控制中,比例系数对于压力变化的敏感性较强,积分系数为5时的恢复时间较纯比例系数控制相比,节省了31.3%,且超调范围和最大超调量较小;在液位控制中,比例系数越大,对液位的影响越不明显,积分系数为1时,系统超调量最小;遗传算法优化后,各变量的恢复时间、超调量和稳态误差等均有不同程度下降。该研究结果可为原油稳定工艺中PID(比例-积分-微分)自控系统的参数设置提供参考。In view of the problem that the process parameters of crude oil stabilization process fluctuate greatly when the operating conditions change,based on HYSYS software,a dynamic model for the stability of negative pressure flash crude oil is established.The effects law of the proportional coefficient,integral coefficient,and differential coefficient on the flow of unstabilized crude oil,the pressure of the crude oil stabilizer,and the level of the buffer separator are analyzed through the engineering experience method.The range and value of parameter setting are preliminarily determined,and the parameters are refined based on genetic algorithm to solve the instability and fluctuation of the process system.The re-sults show that in flow control,the recovery time can be significantly shortened by adding the propor-tional coefficient,which is from 0.5 to 2,saving 53.0%of the recovery time.The system static error can be reduced by adding the integral coefficient,which is from 3 to 0.1,and the recovery time de-creases first and then increases slowly.In pressure control,the proportional coefficient is more sensitive to pressure change.When the integral coefficient is 5,the recovery time is 31.3%less than that of pure proportional coefficient control,and the overshoot range and maximum overshoot are smaller.In liquid level control,the larger the proportion coefficient is,the less obvious the influence on liquid level is.When the integral coefficient is 1,the system overshoot is the smallest.After genetic algorithm optimization,the recovery time,overshoot,and steady-state error of each variable are reduced to varying degrees.The research results can provide practical reference for the parameter setting of PID automatic control system in the crude oil stabilization process.

关 键 词：原油稳定工艺 PID自控系统 恢复时间 超调量 误差 

分 类 号：TE624[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]