我国退捕渔民转产安置施行重点、逻辑与展望  

Policies on the Job Transformation and Resettlement of Fishermen Withdrawing from Fishing:Focus,Logic and Prospect

作　　者：于会娟[1] 韩立民[1] 范柳 YU Huijuan;HAN Limin;FAN Liu

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学管理学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2024年第7期134-144,共11页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“我国退捕上岸渔民可持续生计研究”(编号:21BSH056)。

摘　　要：禁捕关系到渔民的生计,帮助受禁捕等政策影响的退捕渔民重塑可持续生计是实现共享发展的应有之义。为保障制度性“失海”“失水”渔民的生计,各级部门、地方出台了系列政策并进行了实践层面的有益探索。论文对我国退捕渔民转产安置政策的演进过程进行了梳理,提出保障退捕渔民基本生活和助力退捕渔民转产转业是各级政策施政重点。对施政逻辑的剖析发现,退捕渔民身份特征与生计脆弱性是政策设计的逻辑起点,同时还体现了协同共治的总体逻辑和内生动力激发与外源动力匹配并重的实现逻辑。展望未来,应进一步深化对退捕渔民帮扶需求的精准识别和精准施策,进一步完善退捕渔民生计追踪、动态监测与评估机制,同时更加关注退捕渔民新环境适应和社会融入问题。Fishing bans are closely related to the livelihoods of fishermen.Thus,helping fishermen withdrawing from fishing rebuild sustainable livelihoods is an essential part of realizing shared development.In order to protect the livelihoods of fishermen who have systematically lost their sea and water,a series of policies have been issued by departments at all levels and localities,and useful practical explorations have been carried out.Summarizing the evolution of the policies,this paper proposes two key issues of the policies,they are ensuring the basic livelihood of the fishermen and assisting their job transferring.Analyzing the logic of governance,it reveals that the identity characteristics and livelihood vulnerability of fishermen withdrawing from fishing is the jumping-off point for policy design,and also the overall logic of collaborative governance and the realization logic of endogenous motivation stimulation and exogenous motivation matching.Looking ahead,it is necessary to further deepen the accurate identification and precise policies for the needs of fishermen withdrawing from fishing,further improve the mechanism for tracking,dynamically monitoring and evaluating their livelihoods,and pay more attention to the fishermen's adaptation to new environment and their social integration.

关 键 词：退捕渔民 转产转业 政策逻辑 生计资本 可持续生计 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]