甘肃省张掖市黄芪种植地土壤重金属污染特征分析与药材重金属污染现状评价  

Analysis of soil heavy metal pollution characteristics and assessment of heavy metal pollution status of Radix Astragali in Zhangye City,Gansu Province

作　　者：班小军 王昭国 杨海雁 杨玺文 方剑儒 张燕 BAN Xiaojun;WANG Zhaoguo;YANG Haiyan;YANG Xiwen;FANG Jianru;ZHANG Yan(Zhangye Quality Inspection and Testing Institute,Zhangye Gansu 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]张掖市质量检验检测研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2024年第4期12-18,共7页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省中医药管理局科研项目(GZK-2019-81);甘肃省药品监督管理局科研项目(2023GSMPA037)。

摘　　要：本试验通过对甘肃省张掖市黄芪种植地根际土和黄芪植株中的5种重金属污染状况进行评价分析,为黄芪药材安全性评价与土壤重金属污染治理、黄芪药材优质栽培与育种及药材生产质量管理规范(GAP)和质量控制提供理论依据。采用原子吸收分光光度法检测土壤和植株中重金属含量,采用单项污染指数(Pi)和内梅罗综合污染指数(NIPI)评估土壤重金属污染状况,运用SPSS 19.0软件分析黄芪中重金属含量与根际土土壤中重金属含量的相关性,采用生物富集系数(BCF)评估重金属在植株中的富集和转运能力。结果表明,张掖市人工种植黄芪药材重金属污染风险低,均符合《中华人民共和国药典》标准规定。黄芪种植根际土重金属污染程度由高到低依次为铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、砷(As);土壤中Cu元素污染最严重,应引起高度重视;高台县南华镇2个采样点综合污染指数大于1.0,污染等级为3级,属轻度污染水平,应引起重视。黄芪植株重金属含量与根际土重金属污染程度相关性不显著。结果提示,黄芪种植地应严格控制土壤中Hg、Cu、Cd元素的污染。The objective was to evaluate and analyze the pollution status of 5 heavy metals in rhizosphere soil and Radix Astragali plants in Zhangye City,Gansu Province,so as to provide theoretical basis for the safety assessment of Radix Astragali and the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution,the cultivation and breeding of Radix Astragali,the quality management standard(GAP) and quality control of Radix Astragali production.The content of heavy metals in soil and plants was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry,the soil heavy metal pollution status was evaluated by single pollution index(Pi) and Nemero comprehensive pollution index(NIPI),the correlation between the content of heavy metals in Radix Astragali and the content of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.The heavy metal and the enrichment and transport ability of heavy metals in plants was evaluated by biological enrichment factor(BCF).The results showed that the artificial cultivation of Radix Astragali in Zhangye City had low risk of heavy metal pollution,which was in line with the national pharmacopoeia standards.Pollution degree of rhizosphere soil in Radix Astragali cultivation from high to low was Cu,Cr,Pb,Hg,As in turn;Copper(Cu) element pollution in soil was the most serious,which should be paid great attention to;the comprehensive pollution index of two sampling points in Nanhua Town of Gaotai County was all above 1.0,and the pollution level was 3,which belonged to mild pollution level.The correlation between the heavy metal content of Astragalus and the heavy metal pollution degree of rhizosphere soil was not significant.The pollution of Hg,Cu,Cr elements in soil should be strictly controlled in Radix Astragali cultivation areas.

关 键 词：黄芪 根际土 重金属 污染 风险评价 

分 类 号：S853.7[农业科学—临床兽医学]